State Driver License Number Formats

Posted By admin On 24.04.20
  • Driver's License Format Questions about Driver's License format? Please read the article below. Driver’s License Name: Make sure that you enter the name shown in your driver’s license even if it is different from your current/legal name. Driver’s License Number: Each state’s Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) follows different formats.
  • Driver license service centers are located throughout the state with appointments offered at full-service locations. Check the Locations Directory for the address, telephone number and hours of operation of your local service center. Drivers may also be eligible to renew or replace a driver license online at GoRenew.com.

In the United States, driver's licenses are issued by each individual state, territory, and the District of Columbia rather than by the federal government because of the concept of federalism. Drivers are normally required to obtain a license from their state of residence and all states recognize each other's licenses for non-resident age requirements. A state may also suspend an individual's driving privilege within its borders for traffic violations. Many states share a common system of license classes, with some exceptions, e.g. commercial license classes are standardized by federal regulation at 49 C.F.R.383.[1]

  • 3Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDL)
  • 5Drivers licensing laws
  • 7Use as identification and proof of age

State Driver’s License Formats State License Format Alabama 1-8Numeric Alaska 1-7Numeric Arizona 1 Alpha + 8 Numeric OR 9 Numeric Arkansas 4-9Numeric California 1Alpha+7Numeric.

History[edit]

As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates.[2] States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers.[2] Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education.[2]

Massachusetts and Missouri were the first states to require a driver's license in 1903, but there was no test associated with the license.[3] “In 1908, Henry Ford launched the Model T, the first affordable automobile for many middle-class Americans. (In 1919, when Ford’s native state of Michigan started issuing driver’s licenses, he got his first one at age 56.) The same year the Model T debuted, Rhode Island became the first state to require both a license and a driver’s exam (Massachusetts instituted a chauffeur exam in 1907 and started requiring tests for all other drivers in 1920). California, now known for its car culture, started requiring licenses in 1913 and exams in 1927.”[3] It was not until 1959 that all the states required a license for the driver.[3]

Standard and special licenses[edit]

  • Unrestricted Licenses are driver's licenses that most American drivers have in order to drive. Various states differ on what class they utilize to distinguish between a typical driver's license and special licenses, such as restricted, chauffeur, or motorcycle licenses. For instance, Tennessee designates Class D as a regular driver's license, while Class M is a motorcycle license and Class H is a hardship license (see below).
  • Hardship licenses for minors are driver's licenses that are restricted to drivers between 14 and 15 (sometimes up to 18) years old who need to drive to and from home and school due to serious hardships, e.g. the driver's family has financial or medical problems; the driver needs to get to work or school and has no other practical way of getting to work or school. A hardship license for minors is distinct from hardship licenses granted for drivers with revoked or suspended licenses.[4] The table below includes states that provide hardship licenses for minors.
  • Provisional Licenses are functionally the same as a driver's license, but are typically issued to new drivers under the age of 18, i.e. 14–17 years old. Almost all states, with the exception of South Dakota, have some form of a graduated licensing provision; however, the actual restrictions and the length of time a new driver must adhere to them vary widely by state. Restrictions frequently include:
    • A curfew, after which night driving is not permitted (unless 18 years of age, or if the individual has completed an online course) without an adult present (typically 11 p.m., like Pennsylvania, or 1 a.m., like Wisconsin). However, some states (e.g. North Carolina) have curfews as early as 9 p.m. Some states such as New York provide exceptions for special situations, such as driving home from work or school functions, picking up family members, or for medical appointments, while others such as Massachusetts do not.
    • Restrictions on the number of passengers under a specific age present in the vehicle. For example, in California, minors may not transport people under age 20 for the first 365 days of licensure unless said passengers are family members (brother, sister, cousin, niece, nephew, or anyone who is 21 or had their license for 1 year or longer etc.).
  • Chauffeur Licenses are functionally the same as a passenger car license, but also allow the holder to drive a taxi, limo, or other livery vehicle for hire. Livery licensing in the United States is somewhat complicated. In the United States, chauffeur licenses are not considered commercial or professional driver's licenses, and (assuming the driver already holds a regular passenger license) a road test is usually not required to convert it to a chauffeur license; however, some states do require a short written exam on taxi-specific driving laws or a background check, and require the driver to be at least 18 years of age (although many taxi companies will not hire drivers under 25 for insurance reasons). This type of license is typically, though not universally, called 'Class E'. Some states simply add an endorsement to a regular license, while others require no special permission at the state level to drive a taxi or limo. Florida once issued chauffeur licenses through its Class D licenses, a designation that was eliminated in 2006. Regardless of whether and how the state handles chauffeur licensing, a permit or license must always be obtained from the city, town, or county the driver will be operating in.
  • Motorcycle Licenses covers motorcycles only; frequently combined with a regular driver's license. In some states this does not include some types of mopeds, scooters, or motorized bicycles, but with a wide variety of different state-by-state definitions for these vehicles. A common but not universal criterion is an engine displacement of 250 cc (15 cu in) or less, but also wheel size, type of transmission, and more are sometimes used in the legal codes to distinguish mopeds and scooters from motorcycles. These vehicles sometimes do not require a motorcycle license, or in some states any license at all, as well as in some states avoiding insurance and registration requirements. Unlike EU states, no US state differentiates between low and full powered motorcycles for the purposes of licensing. Some states require an additional motorcycle license to operate a sidecar rig.[5]
  • Enhanced Licenses are issued to U.S. citizens in Washington, Vermont, Michigan, California, Minnesota, and New York, and establish nationality in addition to driving privileges. An EDL is a WHTI compliant document, acceptable for re-entering the United States via land and sea crossings from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean. A U.S. Passport, birth certificate, or another document proving citizenship is required to apply for this type of license. Motorcycle and commercial driver's licenses (see above and below) usually can also be issued as enhanced.
  • Handicap Permits are issued to persons who meet the proper guidelines for requiring handicap driving and parking access. They are granted special access to improve their quality of life as a driver. In certain states, namely Texas, a handicapped person's drivers license can be revoked based on their disability.[6]


Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii, for example, has a separate license category for drivers who only operate mopeds, while some more northerly states have separate categories for snowmobiles and ATVs. South Carolina and Georgia have non-commercial versions of every commercial class license for agricultural purposes.

Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDL)[edit]

Class C licenses are issued in all states, except Massachusetts, in both commercial and non-commercial status. A non-commercial Class C license may not be used for hire. Most recreational vehicles that do not fall into the class D/E category, such as converted buses, tractor, lawn mowers, or full size (greater than 40 feet (12 m)) campers require a non-commercial Class C license and the corresponding permit from the state with which you reside.

CDL endorsements[edit]

  • Class A: Combination (tractor plus trailer) vehicle of 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg) or more. Includes split (coupled) buses.[7]
  • Class B: Single (straight) vehicle of 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg) or more (includes most buses including articulated buses). Also includes combination vehicles for commercial use weighing no less than 26,001 lb.[7]
  • Class C: Commercial vehicle that doesn't fit classes A or B, but is placarded for hazardous materials or is intended to carry 16 or more persons (excluding Georgia.) May include heavy-duty non-commercial vehicles with or without trailers, trailer must have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,001 pounds (4,536 kg). Vehicles must have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg). [7]

Professional drivers are usually required to add endorsements to their CDL in order to drive certain types of vehicles that require additional training. CDL endorsements requirements are mostly similar, but some vary slightly from state to state. The training and testing requirements are regulated by the US Department of Transportation. Endorsements are as follows:[8]

  • P: Passenger Transport (buses carrying 16 or more persons. Vans for hire carrying 11 or more persons in California)
  • H: Hazardous Materials (requires a TSA background check as well as an extensive written exam. The driver must be a US Citizen or permanent lawful resident to obtain an H or X endorsement.)
  • M: Metal coil
  • N: Tank Vehicles (Required for carrying liquids in bulk.)
  • T: Double/Triple Trailers (Road trains) (Class A licenses only.)
  • X: Hazardous Materials and Tank Combination
  • L: Air Brakes
  • S: School Bus (In addition to a standard bus endorsement, more stringent TSA and CORI background checks are required.)

CDL restrictions[edit]

Licenses can be restricted through any of the following ways:[8]

  • B: Corrective Lenses are required while operating a motor vehicle.
  • C: A mechanical aid is required to operate a commercial vehicle.
  • D: A prosthetic aid is required to operate a commercial vehicle.
  • E: The driver may only operate a commercial vehicle with an automatic transmission.
  • F: An outside mirror is required on the commercial vehicle.
  • G: The driver of a commercial vehicle is only allowed to operate during daylight hours.
  • K: Drivers are authorized to drive a commercial vehicle within the state of issue (intrastate) only.[9] This restriction applies to any holder of a CDL license who is under 21 years old.
  • L: Drivers are restricted from operating a commercial vehicle with air brakes. This restriction is issued when a driver either fails the air brake component of the general knowledge test or performs the CDL road skills test in a vehicle not equipped with air brakes.
  • M: CDL-A holders may operate CDL-B school buses only.
  • N: CDL-A and CDL-B holders may operate CDL-C school buses only.
  • O: Driver limited to pintail hook trailers only.
  • Z: Alcohol Interlock Device required in the commercial vehicle.
  • T: 60-day temporary license.

Foreign officials and diplomats[edit]

In a rare exception to states and territories issuing driver's licenses, the State Department's Office of Foreign Missions (OFM) issues driver's licenses to foreign officials and diplomats, bypassing the states and territories in which they live. OFM-issued driver licenses are equivalent to a regular state-issued license.[10]

Drivers licensing laws[edit]

Restricted license age requirements by US requirements to receive a restricted driver's license by state
14 years and 3 months
15 years and 6 months
16 years and 3-4 months
17 years

The minimum age to obtain a restricted driver's license in the United States varies from 14 years, three months in South Dakota to as high as 17 in New Jersey. In most states, with the exception of South Dakota, a graduated licensing law applies to newly licensed teenage drivers, going by names such as Provisional Driver, Junior Operator, Probationary Driver, or Intermediate License. These licenses restrict certain driving privileges, such as whether the new driver may carry passengers and if so how many, as well as setting a curfew for young drivers to be off the roads. For example, Utah drivers who are under 18 may not drive other people outside the family in their first six months with a license. Unlike in some states of Australia and some provinces of Canada, however, graduated licensing laws do not require lowered speed limits, displaying of L and P plates, restrictions on towing a trailer or boat, or prohibitions on highway driving or operating high performance cars.

Drivers under 18 are usually required to attend a comprehensive driver's education program either at their high school or a professional driving school and take a certain number of behind the wheel lessons with a certified driving instructor before applying for a license. Some states like New York also require new adult drivers to attend some form of driver's education before applying for a license.[11]

However, in some states all newly licensed adult drivers may be on probation for a set amount of time (usually between six months and two years), during which traffic violations carry harsher penalties or mandatory suspensions that would not normally apply to experienced drivers.

According to federal law, the minimum age to operate a commercial vehicle in interstate transit is 21; as a result the minimum age to apply for an unrestricted commercial driver's license is 21.[12]

Driving a school bus also requires a CDL, however the minimum age to drive a school bus is typically higher, usually 25. Some states issue restricted intrastate commercial driver's licenses, valid for operating commercial vehicles in that state only, to drivers aged 18 and older. Professional drivers who are aged 18–20 typically cannot be licensed to drive tractor trailers, hazardous materials, or school buses.

Licenses for adults and minors; GDL laws[edit]

Below is a list of Graduated Driver's Licenses (GDL) and hardship licenses for minors laws for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The list includes the state agency responsible for issuing driver's licenses and the length of time that a full (unrestricted) driver's license is valid for.[4][13][14][15][16]

StateHardship License for MinorsMinimum Age for Learner's PermitMinimum Age for Restricted LicenseMinimum Age for Full (Unrestricted) LicenseValidity of Full (Unrestricted) LicenseNotes
Alabama Department of Public Safety, Driver License Division [17]No15 years16 years17 years4 yearsRestricted license achievable after reaching age 16 and holding permit for six months. No driving from midnight to 6:00 a.m. and no more than three passengers for six months or reaching age 17, whichever is sooner. The learner must also log 30 practice hours or take driver training with permit.
Alaska Department of Administration, Division of Motor Vehicles [18]No14 years16 years16 years, 6 months5 yearsThe license holder must log 40 practice hours, become 16, and have had a permit for six months to get a restricted license. No passengers under 21 and no driving between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. until holding license for six months or reaching age 18, whichever is sooner.
Arizona Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division [19]No15 years, 6 months16 years16 years, 6 months8 years; expires when driver turns 65 years of age, then 5 years after that.The license holder must log 30 practice hours or take driver education. No more than one passenger allowed in the vehicle or driving between 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. until reaching age 18 or holding license for six months, whichever is sooner.
Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration, Office of Driver Services [20]No14 years16 years18 years8 yearsLearner's permit must be held for six months and the driver must reach the age of 16.
California Department of Motor Vehicles[21]Yes, see notes.15 years, 6 months16 years17 years5 yearsPermit upon completion of driver's education registration; cannot drive with a permit without a parent, guardian, or licensed adult aged 25 or older. Restrictions include not being able to drive anyone under the age of 20 and not being able to drive between the hours of 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. for one year after receiving the license or upon reaching age 18, whichever is sooner.[22][23] Learner's permit must be held for six months and learner must log 50 practice hours.

Note: In California, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, the minor must be at least 14 but under the age of 18. The pertinent form is DL120 and is entitled 'Junior Permit Statement of Facts'.[24]

Colorado Department of Revenue, Division of Motor Vehicles [25]No15 years16 years17 years5 yearsLearner's permit must be held for one year. 50 practice hours must be logged, 10 of which must be at night. Drivers under 18 cannot have any passengers under 21 for the first 6 months of being licensed, unless it's an immediate family member. At 6 months 1 passenger under 21 is allowed and unrestricted after 1 year. Driving between midnight and 5 a.m. is also prohibited until the driver has been licensed for one year or turns 18.
Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles[26]No16 years16 years, 4 months18 yearsEither 4 or 6 years, at the discretion of the driverLearner's permit must be held for four months and driver must log 40 practice hours. No passengers under 20 for six months, no driving between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. until the driver turns 18.
Delaware Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles [27]No16 years16 years, 6 months17 years8 yearsPermit must be held for six months. Learner must have 50 practice hours. No driving from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. or any more than one passenger for six months.
District of Columbia Department of Motor Vehicles [28]No16 years16 years, 6 months18 years8 years[29]Learner's permit must be held for six months and have 40 practice hours before obtaining provisional license. Provisional license must be held for six months and have 10 practice hours of nigh-time driving before obtaining a regular driver's license. Restrictions remain in effect upon issuance of regular driver's license until reaching age 18.
Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles[30]No15 years16 years18 years8 yearsPermit required for one year if under 18 years of age. 16 years - No 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. driving for one year unless with 21 year or older licensed driver or driving to and from work. 17 years - No 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. driving for one year unless with 21 year or older licensed driver or driving to and from work.[note 1]
Georgia Department of Driver Services [31]Yes, see notes.15 years16 years18 years8 yearsPermit must be held for one year and learner must have 40 practice hours. One passenger under the age of 18 for first six months or 1000 miles. Up to three passengers permitted for the following six months or 1000 miles. After that no more than four passengers until reaching age 18. Also, driver may not drive from 1 a.m to 6 a.m. until reaching age 18. For more information visit.[32]

Note: In Georgia, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, the minor must have a suspended license due to school conduct or attendance problems and needs an exemption in order to get to and from school or for family medical reasons. The minor must be old enough to already have a license. The pertinent form is DDS 7012.[33]

Hawaii (Each island has its own requirements regarding driver's licenses. For Hawaii, Maui, and Kaua'i, as well as the City and County of Honolulu, see [34])No15 years, 6 months16 years17 years8 yearsPermit must be held for six months. Only one passenger under 18 or driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. for one year or upon age 18, whichever is sooner.
Idaho Transportation Department, Division of Motor Vehicles [35]No14 years, 6 months15 years16 years4 years (if driver is aged 21 to 62, driver may opt for the license to be valid for either 4 or 8 years)Permit must be held for six months. Learner must log 50 practice hours. Those under 17 must complete an accredited driver training program to receive an instruction permit. Those under 16 may only drive during daylight hours, unless supervised by a licensed driver 21 or over. For the first six months of license possession, the driver is only able to carry one non-family member under age 17 in their car.
Illinois Secretary of State, Driver Services Department [36]No15 years16 years18 years4 yearsIf under 18, applicants must complete 50 hours of driving, complete driver's education, show proof of enrollment in school and hold permit for nine months before one can apply for license. If convicted of a moving violation during permit phase, the 9-month waiting period restarts. Anyone under 18 cannot drive between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. Monday - Thursday or 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. Friday - Saturday. If the teenage driver is coming from a job, school activity, or a family oriented place, this curfew is extended with proof of being there until the time of the event being over. Drivers under 18 for the first 12 months or until the driver turns 18, whichever occurs first, are allowed one passenger under the age of 18 unless those being transported are immediate family members or over 18.

Driver must have not been convicted of a moving violation in the six months prior to turning 18 to receive full license privileges. If a driver is convicted of a moving violation in the first full year of licensing, this will result in extension of the passenger restriction for an additional six months. If a driver is convicted of a moving violation before turning 18, the Secretary of State will mail a warning letter to the driver and parents. If an under 18 driver is convicted of two moving violations in 24 months, this will result in a minimum 1-month license suspension.

Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles [37]No15 years16 years, 3 months18 years6 yearsLearner's Permit must be held for 180 days and learner must be 16 and 90 days before getting a restricted license. If the learner is younger than 18 years of age on receiving the driver's license, it is considered probationary. Holders of a probationary driver's license must observe the following regulations:

The driver may not use any telecommunication device while operating the vehicle. For the first 180 days of holding their license, the driver may not have any passengers, unless the passengers are over the age of 25 and hold a valid driver's license. Holders of a probationary driver's license must comply with state and local curfew laws.[38]

Iowa Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division, Office of Driver Services [39]Yes, see notes14 years16 years17 years2 years (16-18); 5 years (18-70); 2 years (70 and older) (8 years effective 01/01/19)[40]Permit must be held for six months and learner must be 16. Learner must also log at least 20 practice hours. Restricted drivers can not drive between 12:30 a.m. and 4:00 a.m. unless there is a parent/guardian, immediate family member over 21, or a designated adult over 25. The driver may drive between these times if they are granted a waiver for travel to and from work or school related activities. The number of passengers is limited to the number of seat belts. Full license at 17 years old if the driver has no violation and accident free for 12 consecutive months, otherwise they must be 18 years old. Iowa driver's licenses can vary from two years to a maximum of five years; the license drops to a maximum term of two years after the individual holding the license reaches the age of 70.[41]

Note: In Iowa, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, called a Minor School License (MSL), the minor must be at minimum 14 and a half years old, the minor must have completed an Iowa-approved drivers education class unless exempted due to hardship, the minor must have a valid instruction permit for the previous six months, the minor's driving history must be free of convictions for moving traffic violations, contributive accidents and license withdrawals during the six-month period immediately preceding application, and the minor must live at least one mile or more from the school he or she is enrolled in. The pertinent form is Form 430021, entitled 'Affidavit for School License', but the form must be completed by the school and signed by the minor's parent(s) or legal guardian(s).[42]

Kansas Department of Revenue, Division of Motor Vehicles [43]Yes, Farm Permit, see notes14 years16 years16 years, 6 months6 yearsA farm permit shall entitle the licensee, who is at least 14 years of age, but less than 16 years of age, to operate the appropriate motor vehicles at any time: while going to or from or in connection with any farm job, employment or other farm-related work; on days while school is in session, over the most direct and accessible route between the licensee's residence and school of enrollment for the purpose of school attendance; when the licensee is operating a passenger car at any time when accompanied by an adult who is the holder of a valid commercial driver's license, class A, B or C driver's license and who is actually occupying a seat beside the driver.

Permit must be held for six months. After logging 20 daytime and five nighttime hours of driving, if the learner is between age 15 and 16 the learner has the option of getting a restricted license. The learner must then log an additional 20 daytime and five nighttime practice hours and reach age 16 before getting a less restricted license. Applicant must provide affidavit showing at least 50 hours of adult supervised driving, with ten of those hours being at night, by a licensed driver at least 21 years old. At age 17, a full-privileges license may be obtained with the same requirements as the semi-restricted license.[44]Nonresident: At least 16 years of age and has in immediate possession a valid license issued by home state or country.[45]

Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Division of Driver Licensing [46]No16 years16 years, 6 months17 years8 years (effective 01/01/19)[47]Learner's permit must be held for six months and learner must log 60 practice hours. No driving from midnight to 6 a.m. and no more than one passenger under 20 for six months or reaching age 18, whichever is sooner.
Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, Office of Motor Vehicles [48]No15 years16 years17 years6 yearsLearners's Permit (Age 15): Must complete 30 hours of classroom instruction and eight hours behind the wheel driving instruction. May not drive without a licensed driver over 21 or a licensed sibling over 18.

Intermediate License(Age 16): Must have completed the Learners's Permit requirements, pass the on-road drivers test, and have the Learner's Permit for at least 90 days. May not drive between the hours of 11 p.m. to 5 a.m.Full License(Age 17): Must successfully complete Learner's Permit and Intermediate License stages or be a minimum of 17 years of age prior to application for the first time.

Maine Secretary of State, Bureau of Motor Vehicles[49]No15 years16 years16 years, 9 months6 yearsLearner must have permit for six months, be 16, and have 35 practice hours. Only immediate family and no driving from midnight to 5 a.m. for nine months or reaching age 18, whichever is sooner. Under 18 may not use cell phone while driving.
Maryland Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration[50]No15 years, 9 months16 years, 6 months18 years8 yearsLearner must hold permit for nine months and log 60 practice hours. Anyone under 18 years of age with a provisional license may not carry passengers under 18 for the first five months of having the license or drive between midnight and 5 a.m. In Maryland, all new drivers regardless of age hold a provisional license for 18 months, but for adult drivers, the passenger and time restrictions do not apply (however the enhanced penalties do.)
Massachusetts Department of Transportation, Registry of Motor Vehicles[51]No16 years16 years, 6 months18 years5 yearsLearner must complete driver's education, hold their permit for six months incident free (no accidents, no citations, no warnings), and log 40 practice hours with a licensed driver over 21. Junior operators cannot drive between 12:30 a.m. and 5 a.m. unless accompanied by their parent or legal guardian, or 1 a.m. if on their way home. Massachusetts law provides no exceptions for employment, education, or medical reasons. Additionally, junior operators cannot drive with passengers under the age of 18 (except immediate family members) unless accompanied by a licensed driver of 21 within the first six months of obtaining a License. The Massachusetts JOL law also takes a zero-tolerance stance towards speeding, drivers under 18 caught speeding are subject to a mandatory 90-day suspension for the first offense accompanied by a mandatory road rage education class and a mandatory retake of the both permit and road tests. A one-year revocation is mandatory for the second and each subsequent offense.[52] Drivers under the age of 18 may not use a mobile phone or any other mobile electronic device while driving, except in emergencies.[53]
Michigan Secretary of State[54]Yes, see notes.14 years, 8 months16 years17 years4 yearsLearner must reach age 16, have permit for six months, and log 50 practice hours. To obtain a Level 1 License (Learner's Permit) the learner is required to complete Segment 1 of a Driver's Education Course. A Level 2 License (Junior License) permits the holder to drive unaccompanied with up to one person not in immediate family except between the hours of 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. unless accompanied by a licensed driver over 21 or driving to or from work, school sanctioned event, organized activity, or religious event.[55]

Note: In Michigan, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, the minor, who is at least 14 years old, must be living on a family-owned farm, the minor's family income must meet specific levels depending on the number of family members, there must be a significant change in the farming operation, i.e. the loss of a previous driver, to warrant requesting a minor restricted license, and the minor has no alternative transportation available. The pertinent form is entitled 'Application for Minor Restricted License Special Farming Need Only'.[56] Due to the expense of the graduated licensing system (including driver education, it can reach upwards of $500 for the entire process), most poorer Michigan residents wait until they are 18, spend $11 to get the Temporary Instruction Permit, and then take a road test, which is no higher than $50.

Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Division of Driver and Vehicle Services [57]Yes, see notes.15 years16 years17 years4 yearsPermit must be held for six months and learner must reach age 16 and log 40 practice hours. (50 if a supplemental parent course is not completed.) No cell phone usage before age 18, all passengers must wear seat belts. Effective August 1, 2008: junior operators can drive with minor passengers now. Driving curfew from midnight to 5 a.m. for first six months. Exceptions to these rules are traveling from home to place of employment, school, school events that offer no transportation, or other employment reasons.

Note: In Minnesota, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, called a Restricted Farm Work License, the minor must be at least 15 years old and need the license to help a parent or legal guardian on a farm. The pertinent form is the Farm Work License Affidavit.[58]

Mississippi Department of Public Safety[59]No15 years16 years16 years, 6 monthsEither 4 or 8 years, at the discretion of the driverMust hold a learner's permit for one year before applying for an intermediate license, and is restricted for use between hours of 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
Missouri Department of Revenue[60]No15 years16 years17 years, 11 months6 yearsMust hold a learner's permit for six months before applying for an intermediate license. 40 hours of driving instruction are required including ten hours at night and reaching of age 16 and holding the permit for six months to be eligible for the restricted license. Restrictions include no driving between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. unless required for school and work. Exceptions include school events and driving to and from place to place. limitations of one passenger under 19 for the first six months after the license is issued and three passengers thereafter, and there must be no traffic or alcohol offenses for one year to advance to the full license.[61] The State recently passed a measure mandating all Missouri drivers tests be given in only English or American Sign Language (ASL); the law has yet to be passed.
Montana Department of Justice, Motor Vehicle Division [62]No14 years, 6 months15 years16 yearsExpires at age 21; 8 years (ages 21-67); expires at age 75 (ages 68-74); 4 years (75 and older)[63]Permit must be held for six months. Learner must log 50 practice hours. No driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. for one year. No more than one unrelated passenger under 18 for first six months. No more than three unrelated passengers under 18 for second six months.

Note: The validity periods to the left are for Class D licenses.

Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles [64]Yes, see notes.15 years16 years17 years5 yearsLearner must log 50 hours of practice, hold permit for six months, and reach age 16. Must have restricted license for at least one year before applying for your first unrestricted permit. Only one passenger under 19 allowed for first month. No driving from midnight to 6 a.m. for one year.

Note: In Nebraska, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, both a School Learners Permit and a School Permit will be issued. A minor, who is at a minimum 14 years old, must have a School Learners Permit for at least 2 months before getting a School Permit. A School Permit will be issued for a minor, who is at a minimum age of 14 years, 2 months, who lives at least a mile and a half or more from school, who resides outside of a city with 5,000 people or more, or who attends a school outside a city of 5,000 people or more. The School Permit is to be used for the purpose of transporting the minor or any family member who resides with the minor to attend school, extracurricular, or school-related activities at the school, and the minor may drive under the personal supervision of a licensed driver who is at least 21 years old. If a minor has not completed a DMV-approved Driver Safety Course, then the minor is required to compile 50 hours of driving time with a parent, guardian or licensed driver 21 years or older. Information about the School Learners Permit and School Permit can be found here at [65] and the certification of 50 hours of driving time is located at.[66]

Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles[67]Yes, see notes.15 years, 6 months16 years18 years8 years[68]Learner must have 50 practice hours and hold permit for six months. Underage drivers may not transport passengers under 18 for the first six months of being licensed, and may not drive between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. until they turn 18 (except with a letter from a school official or employer.) Additional restrictions apply in Las Vegas and Reno.

Note: In Nevada, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, a minor restricted license cannot be approved for commercial driving purposes, to seek employment, or for public school students in Carson City, Clark, Douglas, or Washoe counties; workdays and hours are limited to a maximum of six (6) days per week, ten (10) hours per day; a physician’s statement is required if a minor is driving for medical purposes; a 'Verification of Need' affidavit must be completed by an unbiased individual (a member of the clergy or a social worker, etc.) and signed in front of a DMV authorized representative or notary public official if a minor is driving for medical appointments or to go to a grocery store; school authorities and parents/guardians must complete certain sections if a minor is driving to school. The form is entitled 'Restricted License Information'.[69]

New Hampshire Department of Safety, Division of Motor Vehicles, Driver Licensing OfficeNo15 years, 6 months16 years18 years5 yearsLearner's Permit - No formal learner's permit is required in NH, ​1512-year-olds may drive so long as they are accompanied by a licensed driver aged 25 or older.[70]
Restricted License - 'Youth Operator Licenses' are issued to those between 16 and 21 years of age and expire when the person turns 21 years old (although drivers may operate unrestricted after they reach their 18th birthday). 16 and 17 years old applicants must obtain written consent from a parent or legal guardian, and a certificate of successful completion of a driver education course as provided in RSA 263:19. Youth Operators under 18 years are restricted from operating a motor vehicle in the following manner: between the hours of 1:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m.; the number of occupants exceeds the number of safety restraints in the vehicle; during the first six months after issuance of the license with more than one passenger less than 25 years of age who is not a member of the holder's family unless accompanied by a licensed responsible adult who is at least 25 years of age.
The director of motor vehicles can issue a hardship license for a person between 16 and 18 who hasn't completed a driver's education course, if there is no readily available means of transportation exist to and from a school and the license requirements of RSA 263:14 would cause an undue hardship.[71]
New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission[72]No16 years17 years18 years4 yearsLearner must reach age 17 and have had a permit for six months. No driving between 11:01 p.m. and 5:00 a.m. Driver may not drive with more than one additional passenger in the car unless the accompanying driver is the guardian to the permit holder, other than parents, guardians, or dependents, until a Basic License is obtained, which the minimum age to receive is 18. Since May 1, 2010, Kyleigh's Law took place, it requires any driver under age 21, who holds a permit or probationary (formerly provisional) driver license, buy a $4.00 pair of decals and display them on the top left corner of the front and rear license plates of their vehicles. Despite having over 250000 drivers that are required to display the decals, less than 80000 have been sold.[73] As some of the 80000 decals sold are for drivers with multiple cars, it is estimated that 75% of provisional drivers ignore this law.[74] All passengers must wear seatbelt.
New Mexico Motor Vehicle Division [75]No15 years15 years, 6 months16 years, 6 monthsEither 4 or 8 years, at the discretion of the driver up to age 75.
Licenses are 1-year, with passage of an eye exam required for renewal, for drivers age 75 and older.
Learner must log 50 hours of practice and hold permit for six months. No driving from midnight to 5 a.m. and no more than one passenger under age 21 for one year after receiving license.
New York State Department of Motor Vehicles[76]No16 years16 years, 6 months17 years8 yearsThe New York State DMV divides the state into three regions: New York City, Long Island (Nassau/Suffolk), and 'All Other Counties (includes Westchester and Rockland counties)'.

Learner Permits: NYC has the toughest regulations of the regions, requiring an instructor's brake to be installed, and the accompanying driver must be a parent or professional instructor (driving school/driver's ed teacher), and prohibits driving between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. On Long Island, one must be accompanied by a guardian or professional instructor, and may not drive between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. In the rest of the state, one may drive while accompanied by a licensed driver over 21 from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m.; other hours require parent or professional accompaniment.

If you have a Class DJ or MJ junior license, you cannot drive within the five boroughs of New York City under any circumstances. Junior operator licenses (Class DJ or MJ) allows unaccompanied driving only in the 3rd 'All Other Regions' area from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. Between the hours of 9 PM and 5 AM, you may drive without a supervising driver only directly between your home and your employment (you must carry appropriate proof of employment) or to a school course, unless the driver is accompanied by their parent, legal guardian, or a certified driving instructor. In the Long Island Region, if you have a junior license (Class DJ, MJ or DJ/MJ), you may drive in Nassau and Suffolk counties between the hours of 5 AM and 9 PM without a supervising driver only directly between your home and your employment (you must carry appropriate proof of employment). A state-approved cooperative work-study educational program an approved program for credit in a post-secondary institution a state-approved registered evening high school while engaged in farm employment an approved driver education course.[77]

Adolescent drivers must have their permit accident and ticket free for six full months before taking their road test, along with the completion at least 50 hours of supervised driving, 15 of which must be in moderate to heavy traffic.

A full driver's education course is not required in New York State, although license applicants who do not have a driver's ed certificate must complete a five-hour pre-licensing course. For 17-year-olds, a junior license will be converted to a full standard license if the driver submits a Driver's Ed Certificate and a certified completion of 50 hours of driving plus 15 in moderate to heavy traffic. Otherwise, it will be converted on the driver's 18th birthday. A 12 a.m. curfew exists for drivers who have not completed the driver's ed program.[citation needed]

North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles[78]No15 years16 years16 years, 6 months8 years (ages 18–65); 5 years (age 66 or older)[79]Driver's education required for a Learner Permit to be issued. Permit must be held for twelve months with the last six months accident and point-free before obtaining a Limited Provisional License. Limited Provisional license holders cannot drive between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m, unless it is for work or an event for a volunteer fire department or emergency/ rescue squad if the driver is a member. School and church events are not included in this exception. A limit of one non-family member passenger under 21 applies. Driver may still drive with a supervising driver outside of the restricted hours. A Full Provisional License can be obtained after holding a Limited Provisional license for six months without an accident or points added to the license, and this license removes the time of day and passenger restrictions, but some restrictions remain until the license holder turns eighteen.
North Dakota Department of Transportation, Driver License Division [80]No14 years15 years16 years6 yearsThose under 16 who have a license may only drive a car that is their parents'. Licensed drivers under the age of 16 may not drive with more passengers than the vehicle manufacturer's suggested capacity, no unsupervised driving between sunset or 9:00 PM whichever is later and 5:00 AM unless the driver is driving directly to or from work, official school activity, or religious activity.
Ohio Department of Public Safety, Bureau of Motor Vehicles [81]Yes, see notes.15 years, 6 months16 years18 years4 years (age 21 and up); until the 21st birthday (ages 16–20)Learner must log 50 practice hours and hold permit for six months, if under 18. Those who are ​1512 with a valid learners permit may only drive with a parent or a drivers education instructor with a valid driver license. Those who are 16 and over with a learners permit may drive with anyone who is over 21 with a valid driver license. Drivers under 18 must complete driver's education. 18 and over have no permit hold time, driver education or practice time requirements.

Under 17 either with a learner's permit or a driver license cannot drive between midnight and 6 a.m., under 18 either with a learner's permit or a driver license cannot drive between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m., unless accompanied by a parent or guardian. Drivers under 17 may only have one non-family member under the age of 21 in the vehicle; no restrictions on family members or those over 21. 18 and over have full license privileges and have no time or passenger restrictions. Special restricted license can drive after hours for purposes of employment, education, travel between home and school, vocational training, employment opportunities, and attending church services.

Note: In Ohio, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, the minor, aged 14 or 15 years old, must be the only licensed driver in the household; any other licensed driver will be required to surrender his or her driver license; a hardship license may not be used for the child to drive themselves or siblings to and from school, work or social and school events; the license is valid only within a 10-mile radius of the home for obtaining groceries and other household necessities, to drive the disabled parent or guardian to medical appointments and medical emergencies; the parent or guardian must accompany the child at all times while driving; the family must live in an area where there is no public transportation or community services available to assist them; the parent or guardian must show proof that they can maintain financial responsibility insurance on the driver; the child must complete a driver education course and the graduated licensing requirements. To apply for a hardship license for a minor in Ohio, a minor and his or her family can send a letter to the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles, P.O. Box 16784, Attention Driver License Special Case Division/Medical Unit, Columbus, Ohio, 43216-6784; the letter must explain the hardship and provide the BMV with the minor's full name, date of birth, social security number and the names, dates of birth and social security numbers of any licensed drivers in the household; the BMV must also receive a notarized statement advising that any other driver(s) in the home would be willing to surrender their driver licenses if a hardship license were to be issued; before a hardship license is authorized, an investigation is conducted to assist the BMV in determining whether the household qualifies.

Oklahoma Department of Public Safety[82]No15 years, 6 months16 years16 years, 6 months4 yearsLearner must have 40 practice hours and hold permit for six months. Intermediate drivers cannot drive more than a single passenger of any age (family excluded) or drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. unless there is a licensed driver present or until the driver is 18 years of age and has a GDL (Graduated Driver's License).
Oregon Department of Transportation, Driver and Motor Vehicle Services Division [83]No15 years16 years18 years8 yearsLearner must be 16, have had permit for six months and have either completed an ODOT approved driving course and 50 hours behind the wheel outside of class or 100 practice hours. Driving between midnight and 5 a.m. is prohibited during the first year of holding the license unless going between home, school, or work. No passengers under 20 for the first six months of being licensed (except family members.) For another six months, no more than three passengers under 20. All Passengers must wear seat belts. Small children must be in Approved car seats According to their size and age.
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Driver and Vehicle Services [84]No16 years16 years, 6 months17 years, 6 months4 yearsThose with a learner's permit must drive with an adult 21 years of age or older. The adult the learner's permit holder is driving with must have a valid driver's license in any U.S. state or the District of Columbia. It is required that a permit holder doesn't only get practice driving in perfect conditions, but also with driving at night and driving in inclement weather. Permit holders are also required to get practice driving on limited-access highways. A classroom driver's education course may be taken by 10th grade students in Pennsylvania, since that is the year when most students will turn 16 years old and will be getting their permit. Permit must be held for six months and the holder must log 65 practice hours before issuance of restricted license. Those with a restricted license may not drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. unless a family member 18 years or older is present. Exceptions to this curfew include school-sponsored events, religious events, work, and volunteer firefighters. Only one non-family passenger under the age of 18 is permitted for the first six months of holding a junior license. Only three non-family passengers permitted until the driver turns 18. A restricted license automatically becomes an unrestricted license on the learner's 18th birthday.[85]
Rhode Island Department of Revenue, Division of Motor Vehicles [86]No16 years16 years, 6 months17 years, 6 months5 yearsLearner must hold permit for six months and have 50 practice hours. Junior operator under the age of 18 may not drive between the hours of 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. or carry more than one passenger under age 21 for one year or until they turn 18, whichever is sooner.

Special restricted license can drive after hours for purposes of employment, education, travel between home and school, vocational training, employment opportunities, and attending church services.[87]

South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles [88]No15 years15 years, 6 months16 years, 6 months8 years[89]A 16-year-old may apply on a restricted license for permission to drive between the hours of 6 p.m. and midnight. 16-year-old drivers who have held the Beginner Permit for a minimum of 180 days or hold a conditional license are eligible for the Special Restricted License.

Applicants for the Special Restricted License must be accompanied by a parent or legal guardian during the application process to sign the Special Restricted License application.

Applicants must bring their Beginner Permit and submit a PDLA form certifying the following:

  • Certification of School Attendance
  • Certification of Driver Education Course
  • Certification of Driver Practice
  • All three of these certifications can be submitted on one form offered at the South Carolina DMV website at this website.

Teen drivers applying for the Special Restricted License must pass a vision screening and the DMV road test. Special Restricted License holders may drive unaccompanied from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. or until 8:00 p.m. during daylight saving time.

Outside of those hours the teen driver may drive until midnight if accompanied by a licensed driver that is a minimum of 21 years of age.

Between midnight and 4:00 a.m. a Special Restricted License holder must be accompanied by a licensed parent or legal guardian.

Special Restricted License holders may receive an exception for these time restrictions if they can prove that the restrictions interfere with employment, education, travel between home and school, vocational training, employment opportunities, or attending church services.

Teen drivers must submit two statements to qualify the exception. One of the statements must be from a parent or legal guardian and the other must be a statement on letterhead from a school official or your employer.

The statements must describe the reason the waiver is needed.

Passengers under the age of 21 are limited to two unless they are immediate family members or students be transported to or from school or the license holder is accompanied by a licensed driver that is a minimum of 21 years of age.

Teen drivers that hold the Special Restricted License for 16-year-olds for one year without a conviction for a traffic violation and have not been at-fault in an accident may obtain full driving privileges when they reach the age of 17.

South Dakota Department of Public Safety [90]No14 years14 years, 3 months16 years5 yearsLearner can either take driver training and hold permit for three months or not take the course and hold permit for six months. Under 16 may not drive from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security, Driver License Services [91]Yes, see notes.15 years16 years17 years8 yearsLearner must have permit for six months and log 50 hours of practice driving. No driving from 11 p.m. to 4 a.m. or more than one passenger for one year or until reaching age 18, whichever is sooner.

Note: In Tennessee, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, called a Class H license, if the minor is aged 14 or 15, the minor can operate a Class D passenger vehicle or Class M motorcycle (limited to 125 cc) or both; the minor must pass a vision screening, knowledge test, and road test to operate a Class D passenger vehicle; take the Class M knowledge and driving test in addition to the Class D knowledge test to drive a Class M vehicle; be limited to daylight hours only (5 am to 7 pm, no exceptions) and authorized locations only within a 25-mile radius from the minor's residence, as specified in the Department of Safety (DOS) letter. If the minor who has a Class H license is aged 15, the minor is treated the same as a Class PD (learners permit) license who drives with a licensed driver 21 years or older who sits in the front passenger seat. A Class H license will expire on the minor's 16th birthday. More information can be found at [92] and the form for application for a hardship license is located at.[93]

Texas Department of Public Safety[94]Yes, see notes.15 years16 years18 years6 years (84 and younger); 2 years (85 and older)[95]Learner's must complete the classroom portion of driver training to receive a permit. Permit holders must be with someone age 21 while driving, also must be held for six months and learner must reach age 16 to get restricted license. Drivers with a restricted license (under 18 years old) may drive with no more than one other person under 21 who is not a family member as per TRC 545.424, may not drive from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m., and cannot use a cell phone while driving for the first six months. As of March 1, 2010, anyone age 18 through 24 must complete an approved driver education course and driving skills test to become licensed in the state of Texas in accordance with Texas Senate Bill 1317.[96] Provisions of this law only apply to first-time Texas driver's license applicants.

Note: In Texas, for a minor to obtain a hardship license, the minor must be aged 14 to 18 years old; must have an unusual economic hardship on the minor's family, the sickness or illness of a member of the minor's family, or he or she is regularly enrolled in a vocational education program and requires a driver license to pursue the program and has completed an approved course in driver education. To obtain the pertinent form, called the DL 77 form, go to.[97]

Utah Department of Public Safety, Driver License Division [98]No15 years16 years17 years5 yearsDrivers under 17 may not drive between midnight and 4 a.m. If under 18, must hold learner permit for six months and log 40 practice hours. Under 18, for the first six months no passengers that are not immediate family members; unless there is a licensed driver 21 years or older, or driver reaches age 18.
Vermont Agency of Transportation, Department of Motor Vehicles[99]No15 years16 years16 years, 6 monthsEither 2 or 4 years, at the discretion of the driverLearner must hold permit for one year and log 40 practice hours. Junior operators may not carry any passengers (including siblings) for the first 90 days after receiving their license, and immediate family members only for the second three months (passenger restrictions are waived if accompanied by a parent or another licensed adult aged 25 or older.[100])
Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles [101]No15 years, 6 months16 years, 3 months18 years8 yearsLearner must hold permit for nine months and log 45 supervised driving hours, 15 of which must be at night. Under 18 may not carry more than one minor passenger for the first six months of being licensed and no more than three passengers until reaching age 18. All minors subject to a curfew between midnight to 4:00 a.m. until reaching age 18.
Washington Department of Licensing [102]No15 years16 years17 years 6 yearsLearner must reach age 16, hold permit for six months, and log 50 hours of practice driving. For the first six months, no driving with any passengers who are under 20 years old who are not members of the learner's immediate family. For the first year, no driving between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. unless with a licensed driver age 25 or older. After two violations of the restrictions, the driver's license is suspended for six months or until their 18th birthday (whichever is sooner). Also, a single traffic violation will extend the second phase (no more than three passengers under 20 and still no driving from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) until age 18 if license had not been held for one year before the traffic violation.
West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles [103]No15 years16 years17 years5 yearsLearner must reach age 16, hold permit for six months, and log 50 hours of practice or take driver education. No passengers under age 19 or driving from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. for one year.
Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles [104]Yes, see notes.15 years, 6 months16 years16 years, 9 months8 yearsLearner must hold permit for six months and log 30 hours of practice. Passenger and nighttime driving restrictions removed after nine months, or upon reaching the age of 18 whichever is sooner. All first license holders, regardless of age, and out-of-state transfers under 21 or with less than three years' experience are initially issued probationary licenses valid for a three-year period and are subject to enhanced penalties after the first moving violation.

Note: In Wisconsin, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, the minor must be at least 14 years of age, but under the age of 18; must appear in person, accompanied by his or her parent or legal guardian, before an examining officer with a birth certificate showing the minor is at least 14 years old; must have the usage of an automobile, farm truck, dual purpose farm truck, motorcycle with an engine of no more than 125 cc, moped, or motor bicycle owned and registered by the applicant's parent or guardian, or a farm truck leased to the applicant's parent or guardian; must pass an examination, including a test of the applicant's ability to safely operate the type of vehicle for which the minor is requesting the ability to use. The hardship license is valid only until the minor secures a full (unrestricted) driver's license or reaches the age of 18, whichever comes first. The minor is not permitted to drive in hours of darkness or in a city of more than 500,000 people; operate either a commercial vehicle or vehicle for hire (e.g. a taxicab). These restrictions are provided in Section 343.08 of the Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations.[105]

Wyoming Department of Transportation, Driver Services Program [106]Yes, see notes.15 years16 years16 years, 6 months4 yearsLearner must reach age 16 and log 50 practice hours. No more than one passenger under 18 or driving from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. for the first six months or until reaching age 17, whichever is sooner.

Note: In Wyoming, to obtain a hardship license for a minor, the minor must be aged 14 or 15 years, the minor's residence is more than 5 miles from the school they attend; the minor has a regular job (a minimum of 10 hours per week) more than 5 miles from the minor’s residence; the minor must have a license to work in his/her parents’ business; any other circumstances which the Wyoming Highway Patrol (WHP) finds to be an extreme inconvenience, i.e. the need to provide transportation for long-term medical treatment or conditions (not to include routine medical office visits). Instructions accompanying the Restricted License Affidavit must be read, the Restricted License Affidavit itself must be filled out, a school attendance verification form must be attached, if the license is to be used for transportation to or from school, or in conjunction with extracurricular school activities, a work verification form must be attached, if the license is to be used for transportation to and from work; a verification of parental ownership of business form must be attached, if the license is to be used in conjunction with a parental business; an insurance verification form must be completed and attached; the Restrictions form must be completed by the WHP. More information can be found at.[107] The instructions accompanying the Restricted License Affidavit can be found at.[108] The Restricted License Affidavit itself can be found at,[109] the School Attendance Verification form at,[110] the Work Verification form at,[111] the Verification of Parental Ownership of Business form at,[112] the Insurance Verification form at,[113] and the Restrictions form (only to be filled out by the WHP) at.[114]

Decline in licensing among juveniles in the U.S.[edit]

According to a December 2, 2004 Los Angeles Times article, only 43% of American 15-17-year-olds had drivers licenses in 2002.[115] By comparison, the percentage of drivers licenses in this age group in 1982 was 52%.[citation needed]

Use as identification and proof of age[edit]

Driver's licenses issued in the United States have a number or alphanumeric code issued by the issuing state's department of motor vehicles (or equivalent), usually show a photograph of the bearer, as well as a copy of the bearer's signature, the address of the bearer's primary residence, the type or class of license, restrictions, endorsements (if any), the physical characteristics of the bearer (such as height, weight, hair color and eye color) and birth date. No two driver's license numbers issued by a state are alike. Social Security numbers are now prohibited by federal law from appearing on new driver's licenses due to identity theft concerns. In most states, to be compliant with AAMVA standards, the orientation of a driver's license for persons under the age of 21 is vertical while a driver's license for those over the age of 21 is horizontal. Since the driver's license is often used as proof of a person's age, the difference in orientation makes it easy to determine that a person is legally allowed to purchase or consume alcohol (the drinking age in all U.S. states is 21). Some states, however, do not require that a driver's license is changed to horizontal, such as Arizona, where it is optional to change to a horizontal license. Furthermore, the vertical license does not expire until age 65 in the state of Arizona. Most states require that when a driver establishes residence in a state, he or she must obtain a license issued by that state within a certain time frame.[citation needed]

A Vertical California Drivers License for people under the age of 21

Because there is no national identity card in the United States, the driver's license is often used as the de facto equivalent for completion of many common business and governmental transactions. As a result, driver's licenses are the focus of many kinds of identity theft. Driver's licenses were not always identification cards. In many states, driver's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s. Activism by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving organization for the use of photo ID age verification in conjunction with increasing the drinking age to 21 in order to reduce underage drinking led to photographs being added to all state licenses. New York and Tennessee were the last states to add photos in 1986. However, New Jersey later allowed drivers to get non-photo licenses; this was later revoked.[116] Vermont license holders have the option of receiving a non-photo license.[citation needed] All Tennessee drivers aged 60 years of age or older had the option of a non-photo driver's license prior to January 2013, when photo licenses were required for voting identification. All people with valid non-photo licenses will be allowed to get a photo license when their current license expires.[117] Thirteen states allow the option of a non-photo driver's license for reasons of religious belief: Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, and Wisconsin.[118]

Later additions varied from state to state, and have included fingerprints, bar codes, magnetic strips, social security numbers, and tamper-proof features, most of which were added to prevent identity theft and to curb the use of fake IDs. States have now slowly been converting to digitized driver's licenses, which incorporate holograms and bar codes to prevent forgery.

Non-driver identification cards[edit]

Many states, usually through the same agency that issues driver's licenses, provide identification cards for people who do not drive.[119]

Real ID[edit]

The Department of Homeland Security has the power through the Real ID Act of 2005 to set standards relating to identification of applicants and license design for state-issued driver licenses and identification cards. States are not required to comply with Real ID, but if a state does not comply, any driver licenses or ID cards issued by that state will not be valid for any official purpose with the federal government, meaning they will not be accepted for entering federal buildings or boarding airplanes.

For a state to meet Real ID compliance, licenses and ID cards issued from that state must be approved by DHS in meeting Real ID requirements.

States can choose to issue both regular licenses and ID cards as well as Real IDs, but any non-Real ID must be marked 'Not for Federal Identification'. Real IDs are valid for 8 years.

Real IDs are allowed to be issued only to legal immigrants and citizens of the United States.

When a person applies for a Real ID, either as a new driver license or ID card applicant or renewing a current license or ID card, they must present a citizenship document (US passport, certified birth certificate or citizenship certificate) or proof of legal immigrant status, proof of a Social Security number if they have been issued one, proof of any name changes if using birth certificate, and two proofs of residency in the state. The state then must verify the documents and store them either electronically or on paper. No one may have more than one Real ID at one time.

A RealID can be identified several different ways depending on the state. It is a gold or black star design located on the top right third of the ID.[120] As of October 2011, Connecticut also issues them.[121] Starting in January 2013, Ohio is issuing RealIDs under the name 'Safe ID'.[122]California started issuing RealIDs on January 22, 2018.[123]

Enhanced driver's licenses[edit]

Additionally, some states, mostly those with an international border, issue enhanced driver's licenses and enhanced ID cards. Enhanced licenses combine a regular driver's license with the specifications of the new federal passport card. Thus, in addition to providing driving privileges, the enhanced license also is proof of U.S. citizenship, and can therefore be used to cross the Canadian and Mexican borders by road, rail, or sea, although air travel still requires a traditional passport book.[124] The enhanced licenses are also fully Real ID compliant.

As of May 2009, Vermont, New York, Michigan, and Washington were issuing enhanced driver's licenses and ID cards.[125] In January 2014, Minnesota became the fifth state to issue enhanced driver's licenses, while Ohio is set to become the sixth state once it has been approved by its legislature.[126]

On March 27, 2008, the Secretary of Homeland Security announced that Washington's enhanced driver's license[127] was the first such license approved under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative; according to a Homeland Security press release, the department is also working with Arizonan authorities to develop enhanced driver's licenses. On September 16, 2008, New York began issuing enhanced driver's licenses that meet WHTI requirements. Texas was expected to also implement an enhanced driver's license program, but the program has been blocked by Texas Governor Rick Perry, despite a state law authorizing the Texas Department of Public Safety to issue EDLs and a ruling by the state attorney general, Greg Abbott, that Texas's production of EDLs would comply with federal requirements.[128]

Digital driver's licenses[edit]

California,[129]Iowa, and Delaware have proposed digital drivers licenses as a means of identification. The license would be available as an app by MorphoTrust USA and installed on a user's personal cellphone.[130] Several questions have been raised about user privacy, since a police officer may ask for one's license and gain access to one's cellphone.[131][132]

Louisiana[133] passed House Bill 481 in 2016 which became Act 625, making Louisiana the first state with a legally accepted digital driver’s license via LA Wallet, an app created by Envoc that launched in July 2018.[134] The law allows Louisiana residents to present driver identification using LA Wallet '..upon demand of any officer or agent of the department or any police officer of the state, parish, or municipality..'.[135] The Louisiana digital driver's license requires no additional hardware to accept and includes a “no-touch” policy whereby the citizen remains in possession of the mobile device at all times. In October 2018, the Louisiana Secretary of State Kyle Ardoin approved usage of LA Wallet for voter identification at the polling stations. [136] In January 2019, the Louisiana Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control issued a notice legally approving LA Wallet, Louisiana's Digital Driver's License app for purchase age verification for tobacco and alcohol sales. [137]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^The state of Florida allows persons with permits to operate a motor vehicle, as follows:(1) Any adult 'may apply for a temporary instruction permit.'(2) The department can 'issue a temporary permit to an applicant for a Class E driver's license permitting him or her to operate a motor vehicle ..'(3) Any person can 'apply for a temporary commercial instruction permit.'(4) Any teenager '17 years and three months can and may' get a 'Class E drivers' license if they already 'possesses a valid driver's license issued in any state; and .. is accompanied by a licensed driver who is 21 years of age or older, who is licensed ..'[citation needed]

References[edit]

  1. ^'Part 383: Commercial driver's license standards; requirements and penalties - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration'. DOT.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
  2. ^ abc'America on the Move Licensing Cars and Drivers'. National Museum of American History. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  3. ^ abcNix, Elizabeth (June 24, 2016). 'When was the first U.S. driver's license issued?'. History Stories. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
  4. ^ ab'What is a hardship license and who is eligible?'. DMV Answers. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
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How to

  • Apply for or renew an Identification Card

Miscellaneous

  • Social Security Number Requirement

Frequently Asked Questions

How to apply for a driver license if you are over 18

If you are a visitor in California over 18 and have a valid driver license (DL) from your home state or country, you may drive in this state without getting a California DL as long as your home state DL remains valid.

If you become a California resident, you must get a California DL within ten (10) days. Residency is established by voting in a California election, paying resident tuition, filing for a homeowner's property tax exemption, or any other privilege or benefit not ordinarily extended to nonresidents.

To apply for an original DL if you are over 18, you will need to do the following:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide your social security number (SSN). It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California DL or California identification (ID) card.
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts at the driving test.
      Important: If you fail the driving test, you must pay a retest fee of $7 for subsequent test(s) and schedule the driving test for another day. If you fail the driving test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s).
  • If applying for a REAL ID DL or ID card, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

You will then be issued an instruction permit if you have never been licensed before. When you practice, you must have an accompanying adult who is 18 years of age or older, with a valid California DL. This person must be close enough to you to take control of the vehicle if necessary. It is illegal for you to drive alone.

If you have a DL from another country, you will be required to take a driving test. If you have a DL from another state, the driving test may be waived.

To take your driving test, you will need to:

  • Make a driving test appointment. (Driving tests are not given without an appointment.) You may also call 1-800-777-0133 during the regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesdays (excluding holidays), to make a driving test appointment.
  • Provide proof of financial responsibility that meets or exceeds California Insurance Requirements.

After you pass your driving test you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new photo DL in the mail. Double check your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV. Notify the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 and they can check on the status for you. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

How to apply for a commercial driver license

A commercial driver license (CDL) is a license issued in accordance with Federal Regulations that allows an individual to operate a commercial motor vehicle (CMV). Federal regulations require that an applicant be 18 years or older to apply for a CDL and be issued a commercial learner's permit (CLP).

Note: If you apply to upgrade or add an endorsement to your driver license (DL), you must complete the process within 12 months. Otherwise, you may not receive your renewal notice in the mail.

You may drive for hire within California if you are 18 years of age or older and do not engage in interstate commerce activities. (VC §12515) (VC §12516) You must be at least 21 years old to drive a CMV in interstate commerce or transport hazardous materials or waste.

If applying for a REAL ID CDL, you must provide proof of your Identity, social security number (SSN), and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

10 Year History Record Check

The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999, and applicable Federal Regulations require all commercial driver license (CDL) applicants including renewal applications to disclose whether they have been issued a driver license (DL) in the same or different name to operate any type of motor vehicle in another state or other jurisdiction within the previous ten (10) years. If the answer is 'Yes' to the ten (10) year history record question, a 10 Year History Record Check form (DL 939) should be completed and submitted with the Commercial Driver License Application.

TSA's Process

Federal regulations require a person who is applying for a California commercial driver license (CDL) with an original or renewal Hazardous Materials (HazMat) endorsement to undergo a security threat assessment. The USA Patriot Act requires the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to complete a security threat assessment (background records check) before the DMV issues a HazMat endorsement.

Start the TSA background records check after you apply for your CDL at DMV and successfully complete all appropriate knowledge tests. Go online to https://universalenroll.dhs.gov/ or call 1-855-347-8371 to make an appointment with a TSA agent. You must submit the applicable federal fee(s) and any additional required information to the designated TSA agent. The TSA agent will advise you of the fingerprint requirements. You must also provide the TSA agent with a DMV issued Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) and one (1) of the following identification documents (ID):

  • A California driver license (DL) and/or California ID card
  • An out-of-state DL or ID card

Related Links

A CMV is a motor vehicle or combination used for hire to transport passengers or property or which is:

  • A single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001 pounds or more.
  • A combination of vehicles with a gross combination weight rating (GCWR) of 26,001 pounds or more.
  • Designed, used, or maintained for carrying more than ten (10) passengers, including the driver.
  • Towing a vehicle or trailer, which has a GVWR of 10,001 pounds or more.
  • Transporting hazardous materials, which requires placards.
  • Transporting hazardous waste, as defined in California Health and Safety Code §25115 and §25117.
  • Towing any combination of two (2) trailers or vehicle and trailer.
  • A 3-axle vehicle weighing more than 6,000 pounds.

To apply for a CLP, you will need to:

  • Be at least 18 years of age.
  • Obtain a California Noncommercial Class C DL (a temporary/interim DL is acceptable).
  • Complete a Commercial Driver License Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Complete a 10 Year History Record Check form (DL 939) if you have been issued a DL in the same or different name to operate any type of motor vehicle in another state or other jurisdiction within the previous ten (10) years.
  • Submit a completed Medical Examination Report (MER) Form (MCSA 5875) and Medical Examiner’s Certification (MEC) Form (MCSA 5876) as described in the following Medical Examination Report for Commercial Driver License section. A DL 51 is no longer acceptable.
  • Provide proof of your social security number (SSN). It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document.
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
    • Allows you a total of three (3) attempts to pass the entire skills test (vehicle inspection, basic control skills, and the road test).
      Important: If you fail any segment of the skills test, all other testing will be postponed and it will count as one (1) failure towards the maximum three (3) attempts you are allowed. You must pay a retest fee of $35 for subsequent test(s) and schedule the skills test for another day. If you fail the skills test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the applicable knowledge test (s).
  • If applying for a REAL ID CDL, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

Once you pass your knowledge tests, you will be issued a CLP.

A CLP:

  • Is only valid when accompanied by the CLP holder’s valid California DL.
  • Is valid for a maximum of 180 days from the date issued, and may be renewed for an additional 180 days, provided the CLP expiration date does not exceed a period of one (1) year from the initial application date. (If you present limited term legal presence documents, your CLP may expire on the same date as your legal presence documents.)
  • Is limited to the following endorsements:
    • Tank (N),
    • Passenger (P), and
    • School Bus (S).
  • Holder with a CLP containing an “N” endorsement is prohibited from operating a tank vehicle unless the tank is empty. The tank must be purged if it previously contained a hazardous material.
  • Holder with a CLP containing a “P” endorsement and/or “S” endorsement is prohibited from operating a CMV with passengers, other than federal/state auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the accompanying CDL holder.
  • Holder must be accompanied by a California CDL holder while operating a CMV. The CDL holder must possess the appropriate class of CDL and endorsements necessary to operate the CMV.

To apply for a CDL, you will need to:

  • Hold a CLP for a minimum of 14 days. The 14 day waiting period applies to classification upgrades and endorsement/restriction changes that require a skills test.
  • Call 1-800-777-0133 or make an appointment online for a commercial skills test.
  • Bring the type of vehicle(s) for the class you want to drive.
  • Pass the skills test (vehicle inspection, basic control skills, and the road test). If you fail any segment of the skills test, all other testing will be postponed and it will count as one (1) failure towards the maximum three (3) attempts you are allowed. A retest fee of $35 is due upon your return to take the subsequent test(s).

OR

  • Surrender to DMV a valid CDL expired for less than two (2) years, or proof of, which has been issued from another state and is equivalent in classification, endorsements, and restrictions, to the CDL you are applying for in California.

OR

  • Submit to DMV a Certificate of Driving Skill (DL 170 ETP) if your employer is authorized by DMV to issue such certificates. Both you and your employer are required to sign this form.

OR

  • Submit to DMV a completed CDL Certification of Military Waiver of CDL Driver Test (DL 963) and a Commanding Officer’s Certification of Driving Experience (DL 964).

After you pass your skills test, surrender your out-of-state CDL, or submit your certificate, you will be issued an interim CDL valid for 90 days until you receive your new CDL in the mail. Double check your address and CDL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV. Notify the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your CDL after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check the status. Have your interim CDL with you to provide information when requested.

Out-of-State CDL Skills Test Results

If you have a California CLP and have completed your CDL training and CDL skills test (vehicle inspection, basic control skills, and road test) in another state, the results will be sent electronically from the state you were tested in to the California DMV. You will need to go to a DMV Commercial Driving Test Office to finalize your CDL application. Failure to return to a DMV CDL office may result in your application expiring.

Medical Examination Report for commercial driver license

Commercial drivers in interstate commerce and drivers applying for, or who hold, a certificate to drive a School Bus, School Pupil Activity Bus, Youth Bus, General Public Paratransit Vehicle, or Farm Labor Vehicle must use medical examiners listed on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners (National Registry). The National Registry is a Federal program establishing requirements for healthcare professionals that perform physical qualification examinations for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. This program was developed to improve highway safety and driver health by requiring medical examiners be trained and certified so they can determine effectively whether a commercial driver's medical fitness for duty meets federal standards. Contact information for medical examiners is available online at the National Registry website. The National Registry website can be found at https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/national-registry/national-registry-certified-medical-examiners.

If you are required to have a commercial driver license (CDL) as part of your job, your employer shall pay the cost of the examination unless it was performed before you applied for the job (Labor Code §231).

Commercial drivers (interstate or intrastate) who successfully pass a commercial medical examination will submit to DMV a valid (original or copy) Medical Examination Report (MER) Form, MCSA-5875, and a valid (original or copy) Medical Examiner's Certificate (MEC) Form, MCSA-5876 when applying for an original commercial learner’s permit (CLP) or CDL or updating an existing medical expiration date. The MER and MEC forms must be dated within the last two (2) years. School bus drivers 65 years of age and older must submit a new medical report to DMV every year. [VC §12517.2(a) (b)]

MER and MEC forms completed by a U.S. licensed doctor of medicine (M.D.), doctor of osteopathy (D.O.), licensed physician assistant (P.A.), advanced practice registered nurse (A.P.R.N.), or doctor of chiropractic (D.C.) who is listed on the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners as clinically competent to perform the medical examination, must be given to the DMV with your original application for a commercial learner’s permit (CLP) or CDL. The MER and MEC forms must be dated within the last two (2) years.

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When submitting the MER, you are only required to submit pages 1-4. Page 5 of the MER addresses meeting medical standards with a State variance. A State variance would exempt a driver from the federal physical standards. California does not have any State variances or exemptions from the federal physical standards.

The medical examiner will complete and sign a Medical Examiner's Certificate (MEC) Form, MCSA-5876 for you to carry when you are driving commercially. You can be given a citation for driving out of class if you drive a CMV after your MEC expires.

Any noncommercial driver previously required to submit a DL 51, ambulance drivers, van pool drivers, and Freeway Service Patrol tow truck drivers, are required to submit a MER. A DL 51 is no longer acceptable.

A commercial driver who does not pass the medical examination may qualify for a California intrastate restricted medical certificate (DL 51B). These drivers must submit a MER to DMV showing they did not pass the medical examination in order to be considered for an intrastate restricted medical certificate.

You may take the completed MER and MEC to a DMV field office to be updated. You may also mail the MER and MEC to the address below, at least four (4) weeks prior to the expiration of your previous medical.

Department of Motor Vehicles
CDL Unit, G204
P.O. Box 944278
Sacramento, CA 94244-2780

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulation (§383.71) requires commercial drivers to disclose the type of commercial operation they are engaged in:

  • Non-Excepted Interstate (NI): Operates or expects to operate a CMV in interstate commerce and is subject to and meets the qualification requirements under Title 49, CFR, part 391. The license does not restrict the transport, origination, or destination of the load to be transported.
    • Interstate commerce means trade, traffic, or transportation in the U.S. that is:
      • Between a place in a State and a place outside of such State (including a place outside of the U.S.).
      • Between two places in the State through another State or a place outside of the U.S.
      • Between two places in the State as part of trade, traffic, or transportation originating or terminating outside the State or the U.S.
  • Non-Excepted Intrastate (NA): Operates or expects to operate in intrastate commerce and required to meet the qualification requirements under Title 49, CFR, part 391. The cargo and passengers must originate and end in California. While driving commercially you may not cross state or international borders.
    • Intrastate commerce means trade, traffic, or transportation in the U.S. that is:
      • Between two places in the State as part of trade, traffic, or transportation originating or terminating inside the State.
    • Note: If you self-certify as operating NA (Non-Excepted Intrastate) your CDL card and driver record will reflect a CDL Intrastate Only restriction (40/K).
  • Excepted Interstate (EI): California does not issue a commercial driver license that is excepted from driver qualification requirements.
  • Excepted Intrastate (EA): California does not issue a commercial driver license that is excepted from driver qualification requirements.
    • Excepted & Non-Excepted Licensing
      • Some states issue a commercial driver license that does not require drivers to meet the qualifications outlined in Title 49, CFR, part 391. Those drivers are considered “excepted” drivers. California does not issue that kind of license.
      • All drivers licensed by California to drive CMV’s are non-excepted drivers.

Important: You may be engaged in interstate commerce even if your vehicle does not leave the state. DMV strongly recommends a driver certify a driving type of non-excepted interstate (NI) if you meet the federal qualifications and there is any chance you might operate a CMV in interstate commerce.

To change or update your self-certification status on your driver record, complete a California Commercial Driver License Self-Certification Form (DL 694) (PDF) and mail it to the address on the form or drop it off at any DMV field office. If a corrected CDL card is also wanted, you will need to visit a DMV field office and pay for a corrected CDL card.

How to apply for a noncommercial driver license

A noncommercial driver license (DL) is issued in the following two (2) classes:

  • Noncommercial Class A, and
  • Noncommercial Class B.

A Noncommercial Class A DL is required if you tow:

  • A travel trailer weighing over 10,000 lbs. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) which is not used for hire.
  • A fifth-wheel travel trailer weighting over 15,000 lbs. GVWR which is not used for hire.
  • A livestock trailer that is not for hire, weight over 10,000 lbs. GVWR but not over 15,000 lbs. GVWR, and is operated within 150 miles of the farm by a farmer to transport livestock.

A Noncommercial Class B DL and endorsement is required if you operate:

  • A housecar over 40 feet but not over 45 feet.
    Exemptions: Holders of a Commercial Class A or B DL, a Noncommercial Class A DL, and all DL classes with a firefighter endorsement.

Requirements for a Noncommercial Class A instruction permit

To apply for a Noncommercial Class A instruction permit, you must:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Submit a Health Questionnaire (DL 546) dated not more than two (2) years prior to the date of your application.
  • Provide your social security number. It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California DL or California identification (ID) card.
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you a total of three (3) attempts to pass the entire skills test (vehicle safety check, skills test, and the driving test).
      Important: If you fail any segment of the skills test, all other testing will be postponed and it will count as one (1) failure towards the maximum three (3) attempts you are allowed. You must pay a retest fee of $30 for subsequent test(s) and schedule the skills test for another day. If you fail the skills test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s).
  • If applying for a REAL ID Noncommercial Class A DL, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

Once you have completed these requirements, you will be issued an instruction permit. You can only drive with a person who has a California DL in the same class or higher as your instruction permit and meets the age requirements.

Requirements for a Noncommercial Class A driver license

To obtain a Noncommercial Class A DL you must:

  • Have completed all the requirements for a Noncommercial Class A instruction permit.
  • Call 1-800-777-0133 or visit your local DMV field office to make an appointment at a DMV commercial field office for a driving test. (Noncommercial Class A driving test appointments cannot be made for the same day and cannot be made online).
  • Bring a Noncommercial Class A vehicle with you.
  • Pass the skills test (vehicle safety check, skills test, and the driving test. If you fail any segment of the skills test, all other testing will be postponed and it will count as one (1) failure towards the maximum three (3) attempts you are allowed. A retest fee of $30 is due upon your return to take the subsequent test(s).

After you pass your driving test, you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new DL in the mail. Verify your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV. Notify the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL within 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check the status. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

Requirements for a Noncommercial Class B instruction permit

To apply for a Noncommercial Class B instruction permit, you must:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Submit a Health Questionnaire (DL 546) dated not more than two (2) years prior to the date of your application.
  • Provide your social security number. It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California DL or California identification (ID) card.
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you a total of three (3) attempts to pass the entire skills test (vehicle safety check, skills test, and the driving test).
      Important: If you fail any segment of the skills test, all other testing will be postponed and it will count as one (1) failure towards the maximum three (3) attempts you are allowed. You must pay a retest fee of $30 for subsequent test(s) and schedule the skills test for another day. If you fail the skills test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s).
  • If applying for a REAL ID Noncommercial Class B DL, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

Once you have passed your test, you will be issued an instruction permit. You can only drive with a person who has a California DL in the same class as your instruction permit or higher and meets the age requirements.

Requirements for a Noncommercial Class B driver license

To obtain a Noncommercial Class B DL, you must:

  • Have completed all the requirements for a Noncommercial Class B instruction permit.
  • Call 1-800-777-0133 or visit your local DMV field office to make an appointment at a DMV commercial field office for a driving test. (Noncommercial Class B driving test appointments cannot be made for the same day and cannot be made online).
  • Bring a housecar with you.
  • Pass the skills test (vehicle safety check, skills test, and the driving test). If you fail any segment of the skills test, all other testing will be postponed and it will count as one (1) failure towards the maximum three (3) attempts you are allowed. If you fail any portion of the skills test, a retest fee of $30 is due upon your return to take the subsequent test(s).
    NOTE: If your housecar is equipped with air brakes, you are not required to pass an air brake law test or perform an air brake system check.

After you pass your driving test, you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new DL in the mail. Verify your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV. Notify the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL within 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check the status. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

How to apply for a motorcycle driver license if you are over 18

There are two (2) classes of motorcycle driver licenses (DL), Class M1 and Class M2.

  • With a Class M1, you can operate any two-wheeled motorcycle and all vehicles listed under Class M2.
  • With a Class M2, you can only operate any motorized bicycle, scooter, or moped, and any bicycle with an attached motor.

A motorized scooter is defined as: A two-wheeled 'device' powered by a motor with a floorboard that is designed to stand on when riding. The scooter may also have a driver's seat.

Refer to the Motorcycle Driver Handbook for more information.

To apply for a motorcycle Class M1 or M2 instruction permit, you will need to:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide a Certificate of Completion of Motorcycle Training (DL 389) by completing a California Highway Patrol (CHP) approved California Motorcyclist Safety Program (CMSP) motorcyclist training course, if you are under 21. (For more information about the motorcyclist training course visit California Motorcyclist Safety Program, or call 1-877-743-3411.)
  • Provide your social security number. It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California DL or California identification (ID) card.
  • Pay a nonrefundable the application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts at the driving test.
      Important: If you fail the driving test, you must pay a retest fee of $7 for subsequent test(s) and schedule the driving test for another day. If you fail the driving test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s).
  • If applying for a REAL ID motorcycle or moped DL, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge test within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

After studying both the California Driver and the Motorcycle Handbooks, call 1-800-777-0133, visit your local DMV field office, or make an appointment online for the knowledge test.

After completing the requirements, you will be issued an instruction permit to allow you to practice driving a motorcycle. You may not drive at night, on the freeway, or have any passengers with you.

Note: If you apply to upgrade or add an endorsement to your DL, you must complete the process within 12 months. Otherwise, you may not receive your renewal notice in the mail.

To apply for your motorcycle Class M1 or M2 DL, you must do the following:

  • If you are under 21, you must hold the Class M1 or M2 instruction permit for six (6) months prior to the issuance of a motorcycle DL. The skills test may be waived for a person presenting a valid DL 389.
  • If you are over 21, you may either choose to complete the motorcyclist training course and provide a valid DL 389 OR schedule an appointment at DMV to take the skills test. (You may also call 1-800-777-0133 during the regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. on Wednesdays (excluding holidays).) You have three (3) chances to pass the skills test. If you fail the skills test, a retest fee of $7 is due upon your return to take the subsequent test(s).
  • If you are only applying for an original Class M1 or M2 and hold no other DL, you may be required to perform an observation test.

For information about the motorcyclist training course visit California Motorcyclist Safety Program, or call 1-877-743-3411.

After you have submitted your Certificate of Completion of Motorcycle Training (DL 389) or passed your skills test, you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new DL in the mail. Double check your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV. Notify the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check on the status. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

How to apply for a provisional instruction permit if you are under 18

To apply for a provisional instruction permit, you will need the following:

  • Be at least 15 ½, but under 18 years of age.
  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Have your parents' or guardians' signatures on the application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide your social security number (SSN). It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California DL or California identification (ID) card.
  • Submit the proper form(s) for driver education and/or driver training classes (See below for details.)
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts at the driving test.
      Important: If you fail the driving test, you must pay a retest fee of $7 for subsequent test(s). You must wait 14 days (2 weeks), not including the day the test was failed, before you are retested. If you fail the driving test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s). If you fail, you must wait seven (7) days before taking it again.
  • If applying for a REAL ID provisional instruction permit and are under 18, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

Driver Education and Driver Training Form Requirements

If you are 15 ½ to 17 ½ years of age, you will need to provide a:

  • Certificate of Completion of Driver Education.

OR

  • Certificate of Completion of Driver Education and Driver Training.

OR

  • Certificate of Enrollment In An Integrated (Classroom) Driver Education And Driver Training Program.

NOTE: If your driver education and driver training were taken in a state other than California, DMV will accept either a

  • 'To Secondary Schools Other Than California Schools' form (DL 33) form completed by the out-of-state secondary school. Obtain a DL 33 form from your local DMV office or by calling DMV at 1-800-777-0133. Send the DL 33 form to your out-of-state secondary school to complete.
  • Letter from your out-of-state secondary school on the out-of-state secondary school's stationery signed by a school official stating that the courses you have taken are equivalent to a California secondary school course described in Section 10020 of Title 5 of the California Code of Regulations.

An out-of-state driving instructional permit is not acceptable proof of driver education and driver training.

If you are over 17 ½ but under 18 years of age, you may get your provisional instruction permit without the driver education and driver training certificates; however, you will not be able to take the driving test until you turn 18.

Once you pass your knowledge test, you will be issued a provisional instruction permit.

A parent, guardian, spouse or adult 25 years of age or older, who has a valid California DL, must be with you when you drive. The accompanying DL holder must sit in a position close enough to take control of the vehicle, if necessary. It is illegal for you to drive alone at any time.

Before being eligible to take your driving test you must:

  • Be 16 years old.
  • Have held your provisional instruction permit for a minimum of six (6) months.
  • Have completed driver education.
  • Have completed six (6) hours of professional driver training.
  • Have completed 50 hours of practice with an adult 25 years or older. The adult must have a valid California DL and certify to the 50 hours of practice. At least ten (10) of the 50 hours must have been done at night.

To take your driving test, you will need to:

  • Make a driving test appointment. (Driving tests are not given without an appointment.) You may also call 1-800-777-0133 during the regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesdays (excluding holidays), to make a driving test appointment.
  • Provide proof of financial responsibility that meets or exceeds California Insurance Requirements.

After you pass your driving test you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new photo DL in the mail. Check your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV and tell the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check on the status. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

If you fail your driving test, you must wait 14 days (2 weeks), not including the day the test was failed, before you can take the test again. You must pay a $7 fee for each additional driving test that is administered under an application for an original or renewal DL. You have three (3) chances to pass.

If driver education and driver training were taken in a state other than California, DMV will accept either a To Secondary Schools Other Than California Schools form DL 33 completed by the out-of-state school, or a letter on the out-of-state school's stationery signed by a school official stating that the courses are equivalent to California's requirements. Instructional permits issued by another state are not acceptable proof.

Provisional instruction permit - cumulative credit

Your driver license (DL) application is valid for 12 months from the application date. If your application will expire before you have held your provisional instruction permit for six (6) months, you must return to DMV and start a new application. You will need to pay the application fee and fulfill all application requirements. Take your instruction permit with you to DMV. You will be credited for the time you have held your instruction permit and receive cumulative credit towards your subsequent provisional instruction permit to meet the six-month requirement before taking your driving test.

You must keep the expired instruction permit with your new instruction permit until you pass your driving test. The new instruction permit and the expired provisional instruction permit is the only proof of credit that satisfies the six-month requirement. When a new application is started, DMV does not retain the previous application information. If you lose your expired instruction permit, without the necessary proof of a previous application, the full six-month waiting period will be required before you will be allowed to take your driving test.

Bring both your provisional instruction permits with you when you take your driving test.

Parents' or guardians' signatures - accepting liability for a minor

A minor's application for a driver license (DL) must have the signatures of:

  • Both parents, if the parents are California residents and have joint custody, or
  • Both parents, if divorced, with joint custody, or
  • One parent, if that parent has custody, or
  • Guardians of the minor, if neither parent is living or has custody, or
  • The person(s) having actual full and complete custody, if no legal guardian is appointed.

NOTE: Nonresident parents cannot sign the application form and cannot accept liability for a minor in California. Nonresident military parents stationed and living in California can sign the application form and accept liability for a minor.

When parents or guardians sign for a minor to get a DL, they are stating that they will accept financial responsibility for that minor. Financial responsibility in California requires that drivers and vehicle owners carry the following minimum monetary limits:

  • $15,000 for injury or death of 1 person per accident
  • $30,000 for injury or death of 2 or more persons per accident
  • $5,000 for any property damage per accident

Evidence of financial responsibility must be carried at all times in the vehicle. Most Californians maintain financial responsibility through insurance companies, which provide the policy holder with an identification card to be used as evidence of coverage. The card must state the insurance company's name and address, the period of coverage, and policy number.

Driver education and driver training information

You may take driver education (classroom training) or driver training (behind-the-wheel) in a California secondary school, or in a state licensed, professional driving school. A California secondary school is a private or public high school, technical school, or adult school.

Driver Education and Driver Training courses must be conducted as prescribed by the Department of Education. Driver Education must consist of at least 30 hours or 2 1/2 semester periods of professional classroom instruction. Driver training must consist of at least six (6) hours of behind-the-wheel professional instruction.

Professional schools and instructors in California are licensed by the DMV. Schools must carry liability insurance, be bonded, and maintain complete records for DMV inspection. Their teaching cars are subject to inspection every six (6) months. Instructors must pass qualifying examinations every three (3) years, or show proof of continuing education in traffic safety.

If your driver education and driver training were taken in a state other than California, DMV will accept either a:

  • 'To Secondary Schools Other Than California Schools' form (DL 33) form completed by the out-of-state secondary school. Obtain a DL 33 form from your local DMV office or by calling DMV at 1-800-777-0133. Send the DL 33 form to your out-of-state secondary school to complete.
  • Letter from your out-of-state secondary school on the out-of-state secondary school's stationery signed by a school official stating that the courses you have taken are equivalent to a California secondary school course described in Section 10020 of Title 5 of the California Code of Regulations.

An out-of-state driving instructional permit is not acceptable proof of driver education and driver training.

Provisional driver license restrictions during the first year

Provisional Driving Restrictions-You must be accompanied and supervised by a licensed parent, guardian or other licensed driver 25 years of age or older or a licensed or certified driving instructor when you:

  • Transport passengers under 20 years of age at any time, for the first 12 months.
  • Drive between 11 pm and 5 am for the first 12 months.

Persons under 18 may not be employed to drive a motor vehicle. When you turn 18 years of age, the provisional part of your driver license (DL) ends. You may continue to drive as an adult using your DL, which will expire on your fifth birthday after the date you applied.

Exceptions to Restrictions

When reasonable transportation is not available and it is necessary for you to drive, the law grants the following exceptions for minors to drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. or to transport an immediate family member unaccompanied and unsupervised.

The following exceptions are allowed when reasonable transportation is not available and it is necessary for you to drive. A signed note must be kept in your possession for any of these exceptions explaining the necessity and the date when the driving necessity will end (except emancipated minors).

  • Medical necessity when reasonable transportation alternatives are inadequate. The note must be signed by your physician, and contain the diagnosis and probable date of recovery.
  • Schooling or school-authorized activity. The note must be signed by your school principal, dean, or designee.
  • Employment necessity and the need to operate a vehicle as part of your employment. The note must be signed by your employer verifying employment.
  • Your necessity or the necessity of an immediate family member. The note must be signed by your parent or legal guardian.
  • If you are an emancipated minor, no documentation is needed. However, you must have already declared yourself emancipated and provided DMV with Proof of Financial Responsibility (SR 1P) in lieu of your guarantors' signatures.

Questions and Answers-Changes to Provisional Driver License Restrictions

For questions and answers regarding the provisional driver license (DL) restrictions, see our new Teen Pages.

Related Links:
Provisional Licensing Changes
Parent-Teen Training Aid

How to apply for a motorcycle driver license if you are under 18

There are two classes of motorcycle driver licenses (DL), Class M1 and Class M2.

  • With a Class M1, you can operate any two-wheeled motorcycle and all vehicles listed under Class M2.
  • With a Class M2, you can only operate any motorized bicycle, scooter, moped, and any bicycle with an attached motor.

A motorized scooter is defined as: A two-wheeled 'device' powered by a motor with a floorboard that is designed to stand on when riding. The scooter may also have a driver's seat.

Refer to the Motorcycle Driver Handbook for more information.

To apply for a motorcycle Class M1 or M2 instruction permit, you will need to:

  • Be at least 15 ½ years of age.
  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Have your parents' or guardians' signatures on the application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide a Certificate of Completion of Motorcycle Training (DL 389) by completing a California Highway Patrol (CHP) approved California Motorcyclist Safety Program (CMSP) motorcyclist training course. (For more information about the motorcyclist training course visit California Motorcyclist Safety Program, or call 1-877-743-3411.)
  • Submit proof you have completed both driving education and driver training.
  • Provide your social security number. It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California DL or California identification (ID) card.
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s).
    OR
  • Show your California DL, if you have one issued to you.
  • Pay the nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass the knowledge test(s).
  • If applying for a REAL ID motorcycle or moped DL, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting. After studying both the California Driver and the Motorcycle Handbooks, call your 1-800-777-0133 or visit you local DMV field office to schedule your appointment for the knowledge test.

After completing the requirements, you will be issued an instruction permit to allow you to practice driving a motorcycle. You may not drive at night, on the freeway, or have any passengers with you.

Note: If you apply to upgrade or add an endorsement to your DL, you must complete the process within 12 months. Otherwise, you may not receive your renewal notice in the mail.

To apply for your motorcycle DL, you must:

  • Be at least 16 years old.
  • Have had your instruction permit for six (6) months.
  • Have completed driver education and driver training or have your California DL.
  • Submit the a valid DL 389. (You will not be required to take the motorcycle skills test at DMV.)
    For information about the motorcyclist training course visit California Motorcyclist Safety Program, or call 1-877-743-3411.

After you submit the CHP completion certificate, you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new DL in the mail. Double check your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV. Notify the DMV representative if you have moved or if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 and they can check on the status for you. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

How to apply for or renew an identification card

DMV issues two (2) types of identification (ID) cards. A regular ID card valid for six (6) birthdates from the date of application, and a senior citizen ID card valid for eight (8) birthdates from the date of application. To qualify for a senior citizen ID card, you must be age 62 or older.

To apply for an ID card you will need to do the following:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide your social security number. It will be verified with the Social Security Administration while you are in the office.
  • Verify your Identity. If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Present your acceptable residency document if you have never had a California driver license or California identification card.
  • Pay the application fee. (No fee for a senior citizen ID card.)
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Have your photograph taken.

If applying for an original REAL ID identification card or converting to a REAL ID identification card, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Check your address before you leave DMV and tell the DMV representative if your address is incorrect. If you have not received your ID card after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check the status. Have your receipt and/or old ID card with you to provide information when requested.

DMV will exchange a valid DL for a no-fee ID card to applicants who are no longer able to drive safely because of a physical or mental condition. Please call your local DMV for additional information.

To renew your ID card, you will need to:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Pay the application fee. (No fee for a senior citizen ID card.)
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Have your photograph taken.

Double check your address before you leave DMV and tell the DMV representative if your address is incorrect. Your new ID card will be mailed to you within 60 days. If you have not received your ID card after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 and they can check on the status for you. Have your receipt and/or old ID card with you to provide information when requested.

You can see if you are eligible to renew your ID card by mail by completing and submitting the California Identification Card Renewal by Mail Eligibility Form (DL 410 ID).

Identification Cards

DMV issues identification (ID) cards to persons of any age. The ID card looks like a driver license (DL) but is used for identification purposes only. A regular ID card is valid for six (6) birthdates from the date of application, and a senior citizen ID card is valid for eight (8) birthdates from the date of application. To qualify for a senior citizen ID card, you must be age 62 or older.

If applying for an original or first time conversion REAL ID identification card, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Reduced-fee Identification Card

You may pay a reduced application fee for an original or renewal identification (ID) card if you meet income requirements from a public assistance program. If you are eligible, the governmental or non-profit program will give you a completed Verification for Reduced Fee Identification Card form (DL 937) to take to DMV to apply for your reduced fee ID card.

See your local public assistance program agency for information about eligibility requirements and obtaining a DL 937 form.

How to renew your driver license in person

If you already have a California driver license (DL) and you want to renew, you will need to:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application or Commercial Driver License Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).

OR

  • Bring in the DMV renewal notice mailed to you. Cross out any old information on the renewal notice and write in the current information.
  • Commercial driver license (CDL) holders only: If renewing in person complete a 10 Year History Record Check form (DL 939) if you have been issued a DL in the same or different name to operate any type of motor vehicle in another state or other jurisdiction within the previous ten (10) years. Submit the DL 939 with your Commercial Driver License Application.
  • Pay a nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Look at your renewal notice. It will tell you if you need to take a knowledge test.
  • If you are renewing and would like to apply for a REAL ID DL in person, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation fro the field office you are visiting.

After you complete the requirements you will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days until you receive your new DL in the mail. If you have not received your DL after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check the status. Have your interim DL with you to provide information when requested.

If your DL has expired, it is illegal for you to drive. There are no late fees to renew your DL. While there are no penalties, you may be cited by a police officer for driving with an expired DL. If you are a commercial driver and your CDL has been expired over two (2) years, you will need to take a skills test in the type of commercial motor vehicle you will be driving.

How to renew your driver license by mail

You may be eligible to renew your driver license (DL) by mail if you can answer No to all of the following questions:

  • Does your DL expire more than 60 days from today's date?
  • Will you be 70 years of age or older when your current DL expires?
  • Are you currently on any type of driving probation or suspension?
  • Did you violate a written promise to appear in court within the last two (2) years?
  • Have you already received two (2) consecutive five (5) year extensions by mail?
  • Do you have a DL from more than one (1) state or jurisdiction?
  • Are you applying for a REAL ID compliant DL or identification (ID) card?
  • Are you applying to renew a commercial driver license (CDL)?

Important: CDL holders are not eligible for renewal by mail or renewal by Internet as of May 10, 2017.

Immediate Attention:

You will need a federal compliant card such as a passport, military ID, or Real ID to board an airplane or access some federal facilities beginning October 1, 2020. DMV began offering REAL ID DL and ID cards on January 22, 2018. Learn more before you complete the California Driver License Renewal By Mail Eligibility Information form (DL 410 FO).

If you qualify and have not received a notice to renew by mail, complete a California Driver License Renewal By Mail Eligibility Information form (DL 410 FO) and send it along with a check for the renewal fee to:

Department of Motor Vehicles
ATTN: Renewal By Mail Unit
PO Box 942890
Sacramento, CA 94290-0001

If you need further information, please call 1-800-777-0133.

If eligible, you can register to vote during your renewal by mail process, or directly with the California Secretary of State at Voter Registration.

How to renew your driver license by Internet

You may be eligible to renew your driver license (DL) by Internet if you receive a Renewal By Mail (RBM) Notice and:

  • Have access to the Internet.
  • Do not have a change of address or change of personal description.
  • Have a verified Social Security Number (SSN) on DMV's record (since October 2000, DMV verifies SSNs with the Social Security Administration).
  • Have a valid credit card (Visa, Master Card, American Express or Discover)
  • Are not applying for a REAL ID Compliant DL or identification (ID) card.
  • Are not applying to renew a commercial driver license (CDL).

If you qualify and wish to renew by Internet, go to www.dmv.ca.gov, click on the Online Services (tab) and then choose Driver License Renewal and complete the instructions to renew your DL online.

If you have recently submitted or intend to submit within the next 7-10 days an online change of address, we recommend that you mail in your renewal notice and change your address on the back of the form. This will avoid delays in receiving your DL or ID card.

Please have your RBM notice and credit card handy before starting your transaction.

If you would like further information, please visit our Driver License Internet Renewal FAQ web page, or call 1-800-777-0133.

If eligible, you can register to vote during your renewal by Internet process, or directly with the California Secretary of State at Voter Registration.

How to renew an instruction permit

If your instruction permit has expired, you must reapply. This means completing a new application, resubmitting documents, paying the application fee, and taking the required tests.

If you are under 18 years of age, you will need your parent(s) or guardian(s) signature on the application form.

How to apply for a duplicate (replace lost or stolen) driver license or identification card

To apply for a duplicate driver license (DL) or identification (ID) card, you will need to:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application or a Commercial Driver License Application. For a duplicate DL, minors must have parents' or guardians' signatures on the application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Pay the application fee.
    • Regular ID card duplicate fee.
    • Reduced fee ID card duplicate fee.
    • Class C driver license duplicate fee.
    • Firefighter restricted Noncommercial Class A or B duplicate fee.
    • Commercial Class C duplicate fee.
    • Commercial Class A or B duplicate fee.
    • No fee for duplicate senior citizen ID card.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • If converting to or applying for the first time for a REAL ID DL or ID card, you must visit a DMV field office in person and present Identity, SSN, and residency documents from the acceptable documents list. Please visit the REAL ID webpage for the acceptable documents lists.

To ensure your identity is secure, the DMV will validate your photograph, social security number, and your personal information.

You will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days and/or a receipt for your ID card until you receive your new DL and/or ID card in the mail. Check your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV and tell the DMV representative if your information is incorrect. If you have not received your DL and/or ID card after 60 days, call 1-800-777-0133 to check the status. Have your interim DL and/or ID card receipt with you to provide information when requested.

How to change your name on your driver license and/or identification card

To apply for a name change you will need to:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application or a Commercial Driver License Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide acceptable documentation showing correct name, see “True Full Name” and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.
  • Pay the driver license (DL) or identification (ID) card application fee.
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Have your photograph taken.

If changing your name and applying for a REAL ID Compliant DL or ID card, you must first visit a DMV field office in person and present Identity, SSN, and residency documents from the acceptable documents list. Please visit the REAL ID webpage for the acceptable documents lists.

Acceptable evidence of your new name may be provided by showing an original or certified copy of an Identity document or a true full name document.

Please contact the Social Security Administration (SSA) to change your name on SSA records before you make an appointment with DMV to have your name changed on DMV records. DMV electronically verifies your name, birth date and social security number with the SSA.

If your information does not verify, you will not receive your new California DL or ID card. You will receive a Request for Verification of Information letter from DMV informing you that the information you provided (name, birth date, and/or SSN) does not match SSA's records.

You will be issued an interim DL valid for 90 days and/or a receipt for your ID card until you receive your new DL and/or ID card in the mail. Check your address and DL classification, including endorsements and restrictions, before you leave DMV, and tell the DMV representative if you have moved or your information is incorrect. If you do not receive your DL and/or ID card after 60 days, call 1 (800) 777-0133 to check on the status. Have your interim DL and/or ID card receipt with you to provide information when requested.

Note: A name change on your DL or ID card will not change your vehicle registration information. Follow this link to find out how to change or correct the name on your vehicle/vessel's DMV record.

Interpreter Services

The DMV provides interpreters, including American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters, at no cost to the customer.

If you need an interpreter, please let our staff know and an appointment will be scheduled when a foreign language or an ASL interpreter is available. Appointments may also be scheduled by calling 1-800-777-0133 during the regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri. and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. on Wednesdays (excluding holidays), and indicating foreign language assistance is needed. For the California Relay Telephone Service from TDD phones, call 1-800-735-2929 or, from voice phones, call 1-800-735-2922 for assistance in contacting DMV and making arrangements for an ASL interpreter.

Interpreters cannot be used to administer a commercial driver license knowledge test or skills test.

Social Security Number Requirement

The Social Security Act allows any state to use the social security number (SSN) to establish the identification of an applicant. The California Vehicle Code requires the collection of the social security number.

All applicants must submit to DMV their social security number. Evidence of your SSN is required only on applications for an original commercial driver license (CDL), original or conversion to a REAL ID driver license (DL)/ID card, and any request to correct a SSN that is already on the driver record data base, regardless of the class. The SSN is considered confidential and will not appear on the DL or be encoded on the magnetic stripe. Any documents that the DMV is authorized to release to the public will have the SSN masked. The SSN is electronically verified with Social Security Administration (SSA) while you are in the DMV office for all DL/ID card transactions, if it has not already been verified. Your SSN document must show your full SSN to be acceptable.

Acceptable proof of SSN documents (full SSN required) for commercial drivers:

  • Social Security Card.
  • Medicare card.
  • U.S. Armed Forces Identification Cards:
    Active-DD 2.
    Retired-DD 2.
    Reserved-DD 2.
    Dependent-DD 173.
  • Military separation document-DD 214.

Note: Photocopies, alterations, and illegible documents are not acceptable.

Acceptable proof of SSN documents (full SSN required) for REAL ID Applicants:

  • Social Security Administration (SSA) Account Card.
  • W-2 form.
  • SSA-1099 form.
  • Non-SSA-1099 form.
  • Paystub (no paychecks).

Note: Photocopies, alterations, and illegible documents are not acceptable.

Exception to the SSN requirement:

If you are legally present in the US, but ineligible for an SSN, you are exempt from SSN requirements. However, you must still provide an acceptable Identity document for any DL/ID card application OR provide a valid SSN.

True Full Name

Your true full name (first, middle, last) appears on your Identity document. If you change your name, then you must provide one (1) of the following documents to verify your name change:

  • Adoption documents that contain the legal name as a result of the adoption.
  • A name change document that contains the legal name both before and after the name change.
  • Marriage certificate (issued from a local or state Office of Vital Statistics).
  • A certificate, declaration, or registration document verifying the formation of a domestic partnership.
  • Dissolution of marriage document that contains the legal name as a result of the court action.

This document must be issued by a government agency within the United States or a foreign jurisdiction that is authorized to issue such documents. The document must be a legible and unaltered original or certified copy with a government seal, stamp or other official imprint. You will need to surrender your current driver license (DL) and/or identification (ID) card.

  • Information about Identity documents.
  • Information on how to change your name.

If applying for a REAL ID DL or ID card, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Identity Verification/Requirements

The issue of identification reliability, integrity, and confidentiality is of prime concern to all citizens. Eligibility for government services, issuance of various licenses, assessment of taxes, the right to vote, etc., are all determined through evaluations based on identification documents. It is critical that identification documents be authenticated and accurate in identifying each applicant. The California driver license (DL) and identification (ID) card have been declared as primary identification documents in this state by the California legislature.

State law requires every applicant for an original California ID card and DL to show verification of Identity to help safeguard the accuracy and integrity of departmental documents.

If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.

If applying for a REAL ID DL or ID card, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

For information or to request a “Full Record” certified copy of your birth certificate visit www.cdc.gov/nchs/w2w/index.htm. “Informational copies” of documents and/or documents with the statement “Informational, not a valid document to establish identity” or any similar statement, will not be accepted.

  • Alabama (334) 206-5418
  • Alaska (907) 465-3391
  • Arizona (602) 364-1300
  • Arkansas (501) 661-2336
  • California (916) 445-2684
  • Colorado (303) 692-2200
  • Connecticut (860) 509-7897
  • Delaware (302) 744-4549
  • District of Columbia (202) 442-9303
  • Florida (904) 359-6900
  • Georgia (404) 679-4702
  • Hawaii (808) 586-4533
  • Idaho (208) 334-5988
  • Illinois (217) 782-6553
  • Indiana (317) 233-2700
  • Iowa (515) 281-4944
  • Kansas (785) 296-1400
  • Kentucky (502) 564-4212
  • Louisiana (504) 593-5100
  • Maine (207) 287-3181
  • Maryland (410) 764-3038
  • Massachusetts (617) 740-2600
  • Michigan (517) 335-8656
  • Minnesota (651) 201-5000
  • Mississippi (601) 206-8200
  • Missouri (573) 751-6387
  • Montana (406) 444-2685
  • Nebraska (402) 471-2871
  • Nevada (775) 684-4242
  • New Hampshire (603) 271-4651
  • New Jersey (866) 649-8726
  • New Mexico (866) 534-0051
  • New York (855) 322-1022
  • New York City (212) 639-9675
  • North Carolina (919) 733-3000
  • North Dakota (701) 328-2360
  • Ohio (614) 466-2531
  • Oklahoma (405) 271-4040
  • Oregon (971) 673-1190
  • Pennsylvania (724) 656-3100
  • Rhode Island (401) 222-2811
  • South Carolina (803) 898-3630
  • South Dakota (605) 773-4961
  • Tennessee (615) 741-1763
  • Texas (888) 963-7111
  • Utah (801) 538-6105
  • Vermont (802) 863-7275
  • Virginia (804) 662-6200
  • Washington (360) 236-4300
  • West Virginia (304) 558-2931
  • Wisconsin (608) 266-1371
  • Wyoming (307) 777-7591

For information or to request a certified copy of a birth certificate from a US Territory or possession, you may call the following vital statistics offices:

  • American Samoa (684) 633-1406
  • Guam (671) 735-7292
  • Puerto Rico (787) 765-2929 ext. 6131
  • Virgin Islands:
    St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John (340) 774-9000 ext 4685 or 4686
  • Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (670) 236-8717
  • Canal Zone (202) 485-8300

US Citizenship and Immigration Services; a Bureau of Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

  • US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) National Customer Service Center 1 (800) 375-5283
  • US State Department (For US citizen born abroad) (202) 485-8300

All phone numbers and website information are subject to change without notice.

Limited Term Legal Presence

All original and pending driver license (DL) or identification (ID) cards will expire on the expiration date of their Identity document issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

Your Identity document must have an expiration date 30 or more days from your application date. If your Identity document has an expiration date less than 30 days, you will not be able to start a DL or ID card application.

If your Identity document has an expiration date of less than 60 days, you may complete your DL requirements (knowledge/vision/driving tests), but you will need to submit another Identity document with an expiration date of 60 days or more before your DL or ID card is mailed to you.

Before your limited term DL expires, the DMV will mail out an 'extension' letter with instructions on how to complete your application for a DL extension.

If your current name no longer matches the name on your Identity document, see 'True Full Name' and 'How to Change Your Name' for more information.

If applying for a REAL ID limited term DL or ID card, you must provide proof of your Identity, SSN, and residency from the list of acceptable REAL ID document options.

Residency Document Requirements

You must provide two (2) California residency documents when applying for or converting to a REAL ID Compliant DL/ID card. You must provide one (1) form of acceptable residency when applying for an original California driver license (DL) or California identification (ID) card. When using a mailing address that is a post office (PO) box or general delivery, you must provide an actual place of residence on your application. The address on the residency documents must match the residence address on your application.

NOTE: If you are applying for a DL in compliance with AB 60, you are only required to provide one (1) residency document.

Vision Exam Requirement

A 20/40 visual acuity with or without glasses is the DMV's vision guideline. Applicants applying for a Class A, B, or Commercial Class C driver license (DL) must see 20/40 with both eyes and each eye individually. The departmental authority for administering the vision exam is 12804.9 (a) (1) (E) of the California Vehicle Code.

Visual acuity measurements are obtained for both eyes together and for each eye separately while both eyes remain open, as in normal driving. There are two (2) methods of testing, a Snellen chart or Optec 1000 Vision Tester.

The Snellen chart contains five (5) lines of letters and measures the portion of an applicant's general seeing ability, known as visual acuity or keenness of vision. The Optec 1000 Vision Tester obtains a more precise vision score by providing a test situation, which is equivalent to placing the applicant at the end of a room 26 feet long to read a test target at the opposite end of the room.

Applicants who do not pass either exams may, depending on the circumstances, be referred to a vision specialist. The vision specialist may prescribe eye glasses or a stronger prescription for the current eye glasses worn.

Military Personnel Away From Home

If you are out of state on active military service in the United States Armed Forces, you and your spouse's California driver licenses (DL) will continue to be valid beyond the normal expiration date. If your DL has expired and you are out of state, call (916) 657-7790 to update your driving record. DMV will send you an Extension of License for Person in Armed Forces (DL 236) card to carry with your DL. The DL 236 card shows California Vehicle Code (CVC) §12817 which authorizes the extension of you and your spouse's DLs. It is important to update your driving record to prevent it from being purged.

Ask the authorities in the state or country where you are on duty if they will honor your extended DL. Your DL is not valid if it has been suspended, canceled, or revoked.

You and your spouse's extended DLs are good for 30 days after you or your spouse return to California. If honorably discharged, carry both your DL and discharge papers during those 30 days.

When you and your spouse return to California, you will need to:

  • Complete a Driver License or Identification Card Application or a Commercial Driver License Application.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Pay the nonrefundable application fee.
    • The fee is good for 12 months. (If all requirements are not met within 12 months, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
    • Allows you three (3) attempts to pass each of the required knowledge tests. (If you fail the same knowledge test three (3) times, the application will no longer be valid and you must reapply.)
  • Give a fingerprint scan.
  • Pass a vision exam.
  • Have your photograph taken.
  • Pass a knowledge test.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

If you will not be returning to California:

  • Go to the office that issues DLs in your new state of residence
  • Follow the state's requirements
  • Present your California DL with your DL 236 card when requested.

If your dependent's California DL expires soon, they can apply for a renewal of their DL by calling DMV at (916) 657-7790 or they can request a no-fee one-year extension by writing to DMV at:

Department of Motor Vehicles
PO Box 942890
Sacramento, California 94290-0001

Be sure to include the name as it appears on the DL, DL number, birth date and address in the request.

Negligent Operator Violation Point Count

Once you are licensed to drive in California it is important that you continue to follow all the laws and practice safe driving habits. If you start accumulating tickets for moving violations, which count as one (1) or two (2) points, you may be considered a negligent operator and may lose your privilege to drive.

Most driving offenses, such as hit and run, reckless driving, and driving under the influence, are designated as two (2) points and will remain on your record for seven (7) years from the violation date. Most other offenses are designated as one (1) point and will remain on your record for three (3) years from the violation date. Any 'at fault' accident is normally counted as one (1) point.

You will be considered a negligent operator if your driving record shows any of the following point count totals:

  • 4 points in 12 months, or
  • 6 points in 24 months, or
  • 8 points in 36 months.

International Driving Permits

The State of California does not recognize an International Driving Permit (IDP) as a valid driver license (DL). California does recognize a valid driver license that is issued by a foreign jurisdiction (country, state, territory) of which the license holder is a resident.

The IDP is only a translation of information contained on a person's foreign driver license and is not required to operate a motor vehicle in California. Citations issued to a person in California who has an IDP, but does not have a California driver license will be placed on the Department of Motor Vehicle database.

The IDP is also called an International Driver License, International License, etc.

For more information about travel and driver licensing requirements outside of the US, visit Driving Abroad.

Finding a driving under the influence program

If you have been convicted of a driving under the influence (DUI) involving alcohol and/or drugs in California you must complete a DUI program licensed by the Department of Health Care Services, pursuant to Health and Safety Code §11836. The length of the DUI program you are required to complete varies from 12 hours to 30 months, and is based on the violation, number of prior DUI-related convictions, and type of program offered in a specified county.

For a directory of licensed DUI program providers, click on the following link: http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/individuals/Pages/ProviderDirectory-DUI.aspx

For more information about which DUI program you are required to complete, contact the Municipal Court in the county where you appeared for sentencing for the DUI violation, or DMV at (916) 657-6525.

I was on a court-ordered probation for a driving under the influence (DUI) conviction and have been arrested for DUI. What happens now?

An officer will serve you an immediate order of suspension if you have a blood alcohol content level (BAC) of 0.01% or greater, as measured by a preliminary alcohol screening (PAS) device or other chemical test, if you are on court-ordered probation for a DUI conviction. This is an Administrative Per Se (APS) action. You are not eligible for a restricted driver license (DL) during your suspension. The chart below shows the length of your suspension.

Administrative Per Se (APS) Action Chart

While on court-ordered probation for a DUI conviction, you..

You will receive..

submit to a PAS or other chemical test with a BAC of 0.01% or greater,

A one (1) year suspension.

refuse or fail to submit to a PAS test or other chemical test,

A two (2) year suspension.

refuse or fail to submit to a PAS test or other chemical test, and you have two (2) or more prior DUI convictions,

A three (3) year revocation.

If the officer determines that you are in violation of more than one (1) APS action, you may be issued a suspension and/or revocation order for each action.

You may request a hearing from DMV within ten (10) days of receipt of the suspension by contacting a local Driver Safety office.

When are you required to report an accident to DMV?

If you are involved in a vehicle accident that occurred in California, you must report it to DMV if:

New York State Driver's License Number Format

  • There was property damage of more than $1,000 or
  • Anyone was injured (no matter how minor) or killed.

Each driver must make a report to DMV within ten (10) days, whether you caused the accident or not and even if the accident occurred on private property.

You must complete a DMV Traffic Accident Report form SR 1 (PDF) and submit it to the DMV, either in person or you may mail the SR1 to the address below for processing.

Department of Motor Vehicles
Financial Responsibility (Mail Station J-237)
PO Box 942884
Sacramento, California 94284-0884

If you do not submit this report, your driving privilege will be suspended. DMV may ask your insurance company to verify that you had coverage in effect at the time of the accident. If you did not have insurance, your driving privilege will be suspended for one (1) year. To get your driver license (DL) back, after the suspension, you will need to provide proof of financial responsibility and maintain it on record for three (3) years. The accident may count as one (1) point on your driving record (California Insurance Requirements).

For information about violation points and your driving record, see Negligent Operator Violation Point Count.

For information about what vehicle section violations count as negligent operator points, see common California Vehicle Code Violations used in Negligent Operator Count.

For additional information regarding accident reports, call the Financial Responsibility section at (916) 657-6677.

What alternative methods are available for completing the driver license knowledge tests?

DMV offers alternative methods for completing the driver license (DL) knowledge tests including audio and Person-to-person (examiner asks the questions).

It is advisable for an applicant with special needs to discuss those needs with a DMV supervisor to allow them to better assist the applicant.

Interpreters cannot be used to administer a commercial driver license (CDL) knowledge test.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge tests within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

What languages is the knowledge or audio test available in?

The basic Noncommercial Class C knowledge driver license (DL) tests are available in the following languages:
Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Cambodian/Khmer, Chinese/Cantonese, Croatian, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Laotian, Persian/Farsi, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Spanish, Tagalog/Filipino, Thai, Tongan, Turkish, and Vietnamese.

The basic Noncommercial Class C audio DL tests are available in the following languages:
Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Cambodian/Khmer, Chinese/Cantonese, Croatian, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Laotian, Mandarin, Persian/Farsi, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Spanish, Tagalog/Filipino, Thai, Tongan, Turkish, and Vietnamese.

The commercial driver license (CDL) knowledge tests are available in English and Spanish.

Note: To allow you sufficient time for testing, DMV will not administer knowledge or audio exams within 30 minutes of closing. See hours of operation for the field office you are visiting.

What is the California motorcyclist training course?

The California motorcyclist training course (Basic Rider Course) is provided by the California Motorcycle Safety Program (CMSP) and is administered by the California Highway Patrol (CHP). The CMSP is California's official motorcycle safety and training program.

All riders in California under 21 years of age must successfully complete this course to obtain a motorcycle driver license (DL) or endorsement. Upon successful completion of the course, you will be given a Certificate of Completion of Motorcycle Training (DL 389).

For information about the motorcyclist training course visit California Motorcyclist Safety Program, or call 1-877-743-3411.

What happens if I fail my Noncommercial Class C or motorcycle driving test?

You must:

  • Schedule another driving test OR wait 14 days (2 weeks), not including the day the test was failed, before scheduling another driving test if you are under 18 years of age. (VC 12814.6(a)(5))
  • Pay a retest fee of $7 for subsequent test(s).

To make a driving test appointment, go online or call 1-800-777-0133 during regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri., and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesdays (excluding holidays).

What do I need to do to get my driver license if I fail the driving test on all three (3) tries?

If you fail your driving test on all three (3) tries, you will need to start another driver license (DL) application. You will have to:

  • Complete a new Driver License and/or Identification Card application.
    NOTE: If you are under 18, your parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign the application form.
  • Visit a DMV office (appointments are recommended).
  • Provide the following again: your social security number (SSN) and True Full Name. If you are under 18 years of age, you must provide your driver education and driver training certificates again.
  • If you have never been issued a DL or identification (ID) card, you will need to present the following: your Identity and residency documents.
  • Pay another application fee.
  • Give another fingerprint scan.
  • Retake and pass the vision exam
  • Have another photograph taken.
  • Retake and pass the knowledge test(s).

After you are issued a new instruction permit, you may schedule an appointment to retake your driving test.

What happens if I lose my instruction permit?

If you lose your instruction permit, you may apply for a duplicate.

  • Complete a Driver License and/or Identification Card application.
  • If you are under 18, your parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign the application.
  • Visit a DMV office to apply for your duplicate instruction permit.

Make an appointment to apply for your duplicate instruction permit.

Why do I need to bring my instruction permit to my driving test if I am over 18 years of age?

Regardless of age, a person must have in their immediate possession a driver license (DL) or Instruction permit of the appropriate class to operate a motor vehicle.

If I lose my driver's education certificate, will I be able to take my driving test?

If you lose any of your completion certificates (driver's education, driver's training or motorcycle course completion), contact the issuing school and request a duplicate.

What can I expect during the Noncommercial Class C driving test?

The Noncommercial Class C driving test is used to determine your driving competency. You must provide a vehicle that is safe to drive and insured. When you appear for your driving test, the driving test examiner will ask to see your instruction permit(s), driver education and driver training completion certificates (if you are a minor), and proof of insurance for your vehicle.

Your driving test begins with a vehicle safety check. This pre-drive inspection demonstrates that you are familiar with your vehicle and that your vehicle meets the DMV's minimum safety requirements. You will be asked to identify and/or demonstrate parts of the vehicle commonly used in driving. If your vehicle does not meet the minimum safety requirements, your driving test will be rescheduled.

You will also be asked to demonstrate the arm signals for right and left turns, and for stopping or slowing down. The examiner will ask you to drive out of the DMV driving test line and the driving portion of your test will begin. Your examiner is an observer only and will only speak to give you instructions ahead of time on what driving maneuvers you are to perform. The examiner will not try to trick you or ask you to do drive illegally. Your examiner will be marking your score sheet during your driving test.

On the road, your examiner will be looking to see whether you:

  • Check traffic, including pedestrians, by your head and eye movements as well as using your mirrors.
  • Signal before you pull into or out of traffic, make a turn, or change lanes.
  • Drive at an appropriate and legal speed: not too fast and not too slow.
  • Leave adequate space between your vehicle and other vehicles.
  • Maintain good control of your vehicle.
  • Obey all traffic laws.

During your driving test, your examiner will ask you to perform certain critical skill test maneuvers that include:

  • Backing your vehicle.
  • Driving through intersections (controlled, uncontrolled, and stop signs).
  • Completing left and right hand turns.
  • Completing left and right lane changes.
  • Driving in residential and business areas.

If you make a critical driving error (CDE), you will be given an unsatisfactory test score (failure). A CDE is a dangerous or potentially dangerous driving maneuver. Examples of critical driving errors include:

  • Driving at least 10 mph over or under the speed limit.
  • Failing to look over your shoulder when pulling into traffic or changing lanes.
  • Running a red light.
  • Failing to use windshield wipers when necessary because of rain.

When you return to the DMV, your examiner will inform you whether your driving test was 'satisfactory' (pass) or 'unsatisfactory' (fail). The examiner will also go over your score sheet with you, and explain any mistakes you made and stress areas that need improvement. If your driving test is unsatisfactory, you must reschedule for another day and pay a retest fee of $7 when you want to take another driving test. If you are under 18 years old, you are required to wait 14 days (2 weeks), not including the day the test was failed, before taking another driving test.

Study the Parent-Teen Training Guide (PDF) to help you with practicing your driving skills and the California Driver's Handbook to familiarize yourself with the laws of the road.

Review the 'How to prepare for your driving test' brochure for additional information.

What is a suspended driver license?

A suspended driver license (DL) means a person's privilege to drive a car is temporarily withdrawn. The DL may be suspended by either DMV or the court. Suspensions may be imposed if a person:

  • Is a negligent operator. (NOTS Program)
  • Was driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI).
  • Has a physical/mental condition or disorder that adversely affects the ability to drive a motor vehicle safely.
  • Was involved in a car accident that resulted in injury, death, or property damages over $1,000 ($750 for accidents prior to January 1, 2017) and did not have proof of financial responsibility (car insurance).
  • Failure to appear (FTA) in court on a traffic citation.
  • Failure to pay Family Support. Welfare and Institutions Code

How long will my DL be suspended?

The length of your suspension depends on the reason for the action. Suspensions can run from 30 days for a first conviction of reckless driving, to one (1) year for not taking a chemical test for DUI, to indefinite because of a physical/mental condition or disorder.

Contact DMV at 1-800-777-0133 during regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m., Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri., and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. on Wednesdays (excluding holidays) for information about your particular situation. Please have your DL number and any other information sent to you from DMV available.

If my DL is suspended, how can I get it back?

The steps you take to get your DL back depend on the reason(s) it was suspended. The following examples give you an idea of what you might need to do.

Oklahoma State Driver's License Number Format

If your DL was suspended for:

Being a negligent operator.

  • Pay a reissue fee to DMV.
  • Pay fines to the court.
  • File proof of financial responsibility
  • Complete negligent operator probation without incurring a traffic violation or being involved in an avoidable accident.

Driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs (DUI).

  • Complete a mandatory suspension period.
  • Pay a reissue fee to DMV.
  • File Proof of Financial Responsibility (California Insurance Proof Certificate, SR 22).
  • File a Notice of Completion Certificate (DL 101) (You must complete a Driving Under the Influence [DUI] Treatment program).
  • Pay fines to the court.
  • Possible imprisonment.
    NOTE: A restricted DL may be issued prior to the completion date of the mandatory suspension period if certain restriction requirements are met.

Having a physical/mental condition or disorder.

  • Provide a satisfactory Driver Medical Evaluation (DS 326) and/or other medical information indicating the condition no longer affects the ability to operate a motor vehicle safely.

Was involved in a car accident and did not have proof of financial responsibility (car insurance).

  • Complete a mandatory one (1) year suspension.
  • Pay a reissue fee to DMV.
  • File Proof of Financial Responsibility (California Insurance Proof Certificate, SR 22)

Failed to appear (FTA) in court on a traffic citation, you must:

Texas Drivers License Format

  • Appear in court. You will be given an FTA abstract that says you fulfilled this requirement from the court.
  • Pay a reissue fee to DMV.

State Driver License Number Formats 2017

Contact DMV at 1-800-777-0133 during regular business hours of 8 a.m.-5 p.m., Mon., Tues., Thurs., and Fri., and between 9 a.m.-5 p.m. on Wednesdays (excluding holidays) for additional information about your particular situation. Please have your DL number and any other information sent to you from DMV available.